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Departmental Degree Programs
and Course Offerings

The minimal requirements for the degrees established by the Graduate Faculty of the University and by the Office of Graduate Studies, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, as described elsewhere in this bulletin, should be read in conjunction with specific departmental requirements.

Courses numbered from 1000 to 1999, inclusive, are primarily advanced undergraduate courses, but under appropriate circumstances they may be taken for graduate credit. All courses numbered 2000 and above are open only to graduate students unless special permission is granted.

Descriptions of graduate courses offered in a particular term in departments of Arts and Sciences are given in the FAS Course Descriptions issued each term just prior to registration. Copies can be obtained in departmental offices and in the FAS Office of Graduate Studies.

Anthropology
Department Chair: Kathleen DeWalt
Main Office: 3H01 Forbes Quad
(412) 648-7500 (phone) (412) 648-5911 (fax)
http://www.pitt.edu/~pittanth/anthro.html

PRIMARY FACULTY: Professors: BROWN, K. DEWALT (Chair), DRENNAN, GAULIN, KAUFMAN (Linguistics), NUTINI (University Professor), PLOTNICOV, RICHARDSON (Chair, Division of Anthropology, The Carnegie Museum of Natural History), SCAGLION, SCHWARTZ, SIEGEL, SMOLE, STRATHERN (Andrew W Mellon Professor); Associate Professors: HAYDEN, McPHERRON; Assistant Professors: ALLEN, BERMANN, CONSTABLE, SANABRIA; Lecturers: BENJAMIN, Research Associate Professor: BUSH (Director, Center for Cultural Resource Research)

AFFILIATED FACULTY: (Adjunct faculty and those with primary appointments in other areas) Professors: BARRY (Dental Medicine), B. DEWALT (GSPIA); DONAHUE (Geology and Planetary Science), EVERETT (Linguistics), FABREGA (Medicine), LINDUFF (Fine Arts); ROLLINS (Geology and Planetary Science), M. SALMON (Philosophy, History and Philosophy of Science), J. SABLOFF (Adjunct), SINGLETON (Education); Associate Professors: FRECHIONE (Latin American Studies), KRISHTALKA (Adjunct, CMNH), LAZARUS (Adjunct), MCGLYNN (Greensburg), MODELL (Adjunct), NOLAN (GSPIA), SILVERMAN (GSPH), WATSON (Adjunct); Assistant Professors: ANDREWS (Africana Studies), HARRIGAN, (Adjunct, Provost Office), MOONEY (Dental Medicine), P. SABLOFF (Greensburg), WINKLER (Titusville); Instructor: DUMONT (Medicine); Research Professors: SCHORR (GSPH), SIMINOFF (GSPH), SWAUGER (Adjunct, CMNH); Research Associate Professors: BOL (Adjunct, CMNH), COWIN (Adjunct, CMNH), OLSEN (Adjunct, CMNH), WATTERS (Adjunct, CMNH); Research Assistant Professors: MCALLISTER (GSPH), TODHUNTER (Adjunct)


EMERITUS FACULTY: Professor: TUDEN

The Department of Anthropology at Pitt has a strong, wide-ranging program in all four fields of the discipline. The social and cultural anthropology faculty conduct research and offer courses on a wide variety of methodological, theoretical, and ethnographic topics. The societies covered range from hunter-gatherers and tribes to pluralistic urban states. Topical specializations include urban and development studies, ecology and economics, medical anthropology, political organization, family and kinship, religion and symbolism, and law and conflict management. Students are trained in methods of collecting and analyzing data, research design, and grant-proposal writing. The department is particularly strong in South and East Asian and Pacific studies and in Latin American studies, and the University offers effective interdisciplinary links with the cognitive and medical sciences; linguistics; and urban, legal, and women's studies.

The physical anthropology faculty has teaching and research expertise in a wide range of subspecialties. Graduate students can concentrate their studies in the areas of paleontology, behavior, anatomy, and variation. Additionally, physical anthropology students are encouraged to use the resources and courses available in the School of Medicine, the School of Dental Medicine, the Graduate School of Public Health, and other health and biologically related schools and departments within the University. Close ties are also maintained with the University and the affiliated Medical and Health Care Division hospitals.

The cooperative relationship with the Linguistics Department provides opportunities for study and research in many areas, including phonology, grammar, historical linguistics, field methods in linguistics, Gypsy language and culture, Mayan languages and culture, Aztec language and culture, pre-Columbian Mesoamerican writing, and American Indian languages in general (especially those of Latin America).

The broad archeology offerings, with both New and Old World coverages, include superb field training and one of the strongest Latin American programs in the country, with field research currently underway in several Latin American countries, as well as in northeastern North America. Faculty specialties include origins of agriculture, development of tribal societies, chiefdoms and states, the rise of cities, human ecology, contact period archaeology, historical archaeology, household archaeology, maritime adaptations, remote sensing, statistical analysis and computer applications, human settlement patterns, and geoarchaeology. There is a summer field training program in prehistoric and historic archaeology in the northeast United States, including field and laboratory methodology. The Center for Cultural Resource Research is a part of the Department of Anthropology and conducts historic and prehistoric archaeological research in the northeast United States.


Area Programs. Latin America, Northeast United States, Asia and the Pacific, Melanesia, Eastern Europe.

Emphases. Cultural and social anthropology, archeology, physical anthropology, cultural resource management (both prehistoric and historic), geoarchaeology, medical anthropology, museology, anthropology and law. Summer field training program in archeology, including field and laboratory methodology.

Special Resources and Facilities. The University of Pittsburgh holds a complete set of Human Relations Area Files in addition to more than 4,741,201 volumes (including microforms) housed in libraries with special collections on North America, Latin America, Europe, Oceania, and East Asia. Language programs in most of the world's major languages are available at the University. Individualized training through tutorials in many seldom taught languages is available through the Language Acquisitions Program in the Linguistics Department. Foreign research and study support is available from the University Center for International Studies. National Science Foundation research training grant funds are sometimes available to support early fieldwork experiences in ethnographic research. Archaeology laboratories include facilities for computerized drafting, spatial analysis, and statistical research (AutoCAD, ArcCAD, GRASS, IDRISI, ArcInfo, Systat, and Surfer). The Center for Cultural Resource Research, a research facility within the Department of Anthropology, maintains an additional 20,000 feet of separate laboratories for processing, conservation, and analysis of material culture. Physical anthropology facilities include a paleontology lab, environmental studies labs, and animal behavior research labs in addition to a complete histology laboratory and self-contained computer facility. The department also maintains the basic documents and other materials used by the Cross Cultural Research Center for the compilation of the Ethnographic Atlas. Cooperative connections are maintained with the Carnegie Museum of Natural History.

Publications. Ethnology: An International Journal of Cultural and Social Anthropology; Ethnology Monographs; University of Pittsburgh Memoirs and Reports in Latin American Archaeology; University of Pittsburgh Anthropological Papers.

Graduate Student Support. Teaching Assistantships and Fellowships, Andrew W. Mellon Predoctoral Fellowships, Foreign Language and Area Studies Fellowships (administered by the University Center for International Studies), Predoctoral Fellowships in Latin American Archaeology, and Graduate Student Research Assistantships (including those administered through the Center for Cultural Resource Research).

Graduate Program Requirements. Entrance into programs leading to the Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in Anthropology requires a baccalaureate degree in one of the arts or sciences from an accredited institution of higher learning acceptable to the Department of Anthropology and the University of Pittsburgh. Qualified students from any discipline are considered for admission. Undergraduate students presently enrolled in the College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, may choose the Graduate School Option for entrance into the Anthropology Department. They should consult the Post Baccalaureate Combination Degrees section of the College of Arts and Sciences Bulletin for details.

Note: Applicants to the MA or PhD program must submit Graduate Record Examination scores. The minimal requirements for the degrees established by the Graduate Faculty of the University and by the Office of Graduate Studies, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, as described elsewhere in this bulletin, should be read in conjunction with the specific departmental requirements for these degrees in the following sections.

Doctor of Philosophy Degree Requirements
Course Credits. A full-time student should generally be enrolled in at least three formal (e.g., lecture as opposed to independent study) courses in both the fall and spring terms until a total of 58 credits is achieved. After completing these 58 credits, a student may take an unlimited number of reading and/or independent study courses. In certain circumstances, however, a student, together with his/her adviser, may feel that it is appropriate to take a readings or independent study course before 58 credits are accumulated. In such cases, students generally should still take a minimum of three formal courses per term in the fall and spring, and must still accumulate a total of 58 credits of formal course work before graduation. In the summer term, students not supported as TA/TFs or GSRs are free to either register or not register, and to take fewer than three courses (of any type). However, students in archaeology may not register for more than six credits of Archaeological Field Training.

The total residence requirement is a minimum of 72 course credit hours (the equivalent of six full terms). No more than six credits for fieldwork or for dissertation research may be applied toward the 72-credit minimum, although students may take as many of these courses as they wish beyond the 72 credits. The student may petition the Graduate Studies Committee to accept toward the 72-credit minimum: (1) a maximum of 24 credits for course work at the master's degree level earned in another approved graduate school, (2) a maximum of 12 additional credits for work beyond the master's degree. Students must petition the Committee on Graduate Studies if they wish to have course credits taken outside anthropology counted toward this 72-credit total. (See Transfer Credits)


Core Course System/Preliminary Examination. The Department of Anthropology recognizes four subfields within anthropology: Physical Anthropology, Archaeology, Cultural Anthropology, and Linguistics. In order to give students a general background to the field early in their careers, the department requires that full-time PhD students take the four-credit core course in each of these subfields. The core courses in archeology and linguistics are ordinarily offered in the fall term, and the core courses in physical and cultural anthropology are generally offered in the spring term.

Entering full-time PhD students are expected to pass all four core courses by the end of their second term in residence. In unusual circumstances, entering PhD students may be granted permission by the Committee on Graduate Studies to delay taking one or more core courses outside their own subfield.

Master's students must pass the core course in their declared subfield by the end of their second term in residence (or, for part-time students, before they have completed 18 credits). In certain cases, a master's student specializing in a focused area within anthropology can petition the Graduate Studies Committee for a specialized written examination from his/her master's committee in lieu of the core course. However, if such a student subsequently enrolls in the PhD program, the specialized master's exam will not substitute for the core course in the student's area of study.

In certain cases, students may enter the program with an MA from another institution, or with a strong undergraduate background in a particular subdiscipline(s), and may feel that they control the materials contained in a core course. In such a case, students are encouraged to petition the Admissions Committee (or the Committee on Graduate Studies if they are already in residence) for a waiver of the core course(s) in question, supporting their petition with copies of their transcripts and other relevant documents. If students are not granted a waiver because of a partial deficiency, after consultation with the instructor and review of the course syllabus they can "challenge" the course by not taking the course for credit but taking only the final exam instead (when it is normally given). In some cases, students opt to selectively audit the core course if they are weak in only a few areas. It should be stressed, however, that their performance on the exam will be evaluated in the same manner as that of students taking the course for credit.


Advising and Supervision. Normally, a temporary faculty adviser will be assigned to each incoming student. At any time after arrival, but not later than the end of the first year, each new student will select a permanent principal adviser (or advisers) with whom to work, and who agrees to serve in this capacity. Until the student selects an adviser, the graduate secretary and the temporary faculty adviser will help to provide general advice and to register the student for courses. Students are free to change their advisers at any time. Advisers consult with the students on their course selections, research and career plans, and monitor their advisees' graduate progress. They are also responsible for formally registering advisees. Student progress is also monitored by the Committee on Graduate Studies and the graduate secretary. Consequently, faculty advisers should notify the Committee on Graduate Studies of their advisees' successful completion of comprehensive examinations, and students should petition the Committee on Graduate Studies for formal approval of their selections for comprehensive examination committees and thesis committees as herein provided. After review by the full faculty, students will receive written notification from the Committee on Graduate Studies of the disposition of their requests. The graduate secretary records all formal progress towards advanced degrees. Students are advised to check with the graduate secretary periodically to ensure that their files are up to date.


Language Requirement. Before a student is advanced to candidacy, he/she must demonstrate competence in a foreign language (other than English) that possesses a substantial body of anthropological literature. For common foreign languages (e.g. French, German, Spanish), the student may choose either to (1) pass with a B- or better the level 4 or 8 course offered by that language department, or (2) take and pass at a level determined by this department the examination for evaluating graduate students currently offered by that language department. In the case of languages for which such avenues of evaluation are not available, the student, after seeking advice from his/her adviser, should petition the Committee on Graduate Studies for alternative forms of evaluation.


Methods Requirement. Students in archeology must pass (with a B- or better) Anthropology 2534 and Anthropology 2524 (Archaeological Data Analysis I and II). They may petition the Committee on Graduate Studies to accept other courses in quantitative methods in lieu of these.

Students in physical anthropology or linguistics must pass (with a B- or better) two courses in quantitative methods selected from those offered in the Anthropology Department or elsewhere. They must petition the Committee on Graduate Studies for approval of these courses.

Students in cultural anthropology must pass (with a B- or better) Anthropology 2763 (Field Methods) and Anthropology 2774 (Special Topics Mathematical Anthropology). They must petition the Committee on Graduate Studies for acceptance of another methods course in lieu of these courses.


Theory Requirement in Cultural Anthropology. Students in cultural anthropology must pass (with a B- or better) Anthropology 2750 (Seminar on Contemporary Theory in Cultural Anthropology) or a comparable seminar approved for this purpose by the Committee on Graduate Studies.


General Master's Degree. General Master's degrees may be awarded during the progress toward the PhD after completion of: (1) 30 course credits; (2) the foreign language requirement; (3) the core course in the student's area of concentration; (4) at least one course in methods; (5) an acceptable MA paper; and (6) fulfillment of all FAS regulations published in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences Bulletin, e.g. at least 12 credits of course work, not to include readings or independent study, towards an MA must be at the 2000 (graduate) level. The student should select at least three faculty members (two of whom must be in the department) to participate on the MA advisory and evaluation committee. The Graduate Studies Committee should be notified of the committee composition and the MA paper topic well in advance of the expected date of completion.


Comprehensive Examinations. After students have completed the core course requirement, they will be eligible to undertake more advanced written examinations within their areas of specialization. These examinations are designed to test the breadth and depth of the student's knowledge in his or her chosen areas of expertise. The structure of these examinations differs from subfield to subfield:

Cultural Anthropology
There will be a written comprehensive examination in the student's ethnographic area (e.g. Africa, East Asia, Latin America, the Pacific). The student will be responsible not only for the pertinent ethnography and cultural anthropology, but also for the prehistory, physical anthropology, and linguistics of his or her chosen area.

There will be a second written comprehensive examination of a more theoretical nature in a field chosen and defined by the student in conjunction with his or her adviser. Examples are social organization, sociocultural change, comparative religion, cross-cultural studies, economic anthropology, cultural ecology, etc.

Each examination will last approximately six hours and will be administered in the department.

Archeology
There will be a written comprehensive examination on either a significant world area (e.g. North America, Mesoamerica, Europe) or a significant time period (e.g. the Paleolithic).

There will be a second written comprehensive examination on the theory and history of archeology.

Physical Anthropology
There will be a written comprehensive examination covering a major division of the field, e.g. sociobiology, systematics, evolution, experimental morphology, growth and development. This examination will last approximately six hours.

In addition, there will be a two-part written comprehensive examination - each taking approximately three hours - and each focusing on a more specialized topic area, e.g. dental anthropology, primate behavior, hominid evolution, functional anatomy. The student will take these examinations on the same day unless the student's adviser recommends (e.g. because of widely disparate topic areas) that the exams be given in separate parts on two different occasions.

Linguistics
There will be two comprehensive examinations. Each exam will last approximately six hours. The first will be taken by all students; the second will be tailored to the area and language family specialization of each student. The examinations will be scheduled at least two days apart.

Exam One will cover the generalities: data collection (including recording), data processing (including computers), dialect surveys, lexicography (including ethnosemantics), orthography design, linguistic theory within field linguistics, and descriptive linguistics generally.

Exam Two will deal with the linguistic data of a particular region (e.g. North America, Western Europe, Mesoamerica, South Asia, South America, Southeast Asia, etc.): what are the languages; how related; how well known; what are they like; what are the relevant sociolinguistic factors?

Students in all subdisciplines generally will take their comprehensive examinations at the end of their third year of residence. For each examination, the student will construct an examining committee of at least three faculty members (two of whom must be in the department) who will design and administer the examination. One of these should be designated as chair of the committee. Well in advance of the exam, the student should submit to the examining committee a bibliography of sources on his/her topic from which he/she intends to work. Members of the examining committee may then recommend additional sources. The Committee on Graduate Studies should then receive formal notification of the topic and names of the committee members for each examination committee, as well as the intended date of the examination. Levels of evaluation on comprehensive examinations are Pass with Distinction, Pass, and Fail.


Dissertation Committee. As soon as possible after completion of the core course requirements, and certainly by the third year in residence, prior to admission to candidacy, the student must establish a doctoral dissertation committee that will: (1) participate in the student's preparation of the dissertation research proposal; (2) administer the oral dissertation overview; (3) offer advice during the collecting of field or laboratory/museum data, as well as (4) the writing up of the dissertation; and (5) conduct the oral dissertation defense.

This committee will consist of at least four faculty members. Students should be certain, particularly in the case of faculty members from outside the department, that all committee members are also members of the Graduate Faculty of the University or the equivalent. At least three of these faculty members must have their primary appointments in the department, and one of these will in most cases be the student's adviser. Also, one of these three must agree to serve as committee chair.


Dissertation Overview. Prior to actively pursuing dissertation research, the student will make an oral presentation of the intended project to his/her doctoral dissertation committee. The student should give the members of this committee a well-researched and well-written dissertation proposal at least one month ahead of time. The overview should not be pro forma and is not intended to be the first discussion of the project between the student and his/her committee members.

If, after the overview, there is agreement among the committee members that the student can proceed with the dissertation project, they will sign the admission to candidacy form, which will then be forwarded to the Dean of Graduate Studies of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences for approval.


Dissertation Format. Copies of Style and Format of Graduate Theses, Dissertations and Abstracts are available in the Office of the Dean of Graduate Studies.


Public Presentation. Each student will present a formal colloquium to the department based on the dissertation research. This may form part of the dissertation defense, or it may come at an earlier stage so that the experience may be of benefit as the ideas in the dissertation take shape.


Dissertation Defense and Graduation. By the time of the oral defense of the dissertation, the student will have prepared and presented to his/her committee members a final version of the dissertation. It is expected that there will be sufficient interaction between the student and the committee members that alterations subsequent to the defense will be minimal and minor. All members of the doctoral dissertation committee should be present at the defense. (See Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree)

Normally, the term during which the oral defense takes place is also the term during which the student graduates and receives the degree. The student must be formally registered during the term of expected graduation and must submit a formal application for graduation to the Dean of Graduate Studies, from whom the complete set of procedures, requirements, and guidelines may be obtained.

In addition to the final unbound University copy of the dissertation, a bound copy of the final dissertation must be filed with the department.


Part-Time Students. The part-time student should take the core course in his/her subfield before taking more than 18 credits of formal course work. He/she should complete the core course requirement before taking more than 36 credits of formal course work and proceeding with the other aspects of the program.

Master of Arts Requirements
The master's degree program is separate from the PhD program and is oriented to students' specific needs and interests. A master's degree is awarded in one of the four areas defined within the department, i.e., Archeology, Cultural Anthropology, Linguistics, and Physical Anthropology. Master's students should read the preceding description of the PhD requirements for additional clarification of certain requirements.


Course Credits. The student must take a minimum of 30 credits, of which 21 must be from formal (lecture) courses. The remaining nine credits may be through independent studies, readings, field work and/or thesis research hours. The student must also take a minimum of twelve 2000-level credits (not including readings or independent study). Should the student be accepted at a later date into the PhD program, courses taken toward the MA degree may be transferred to satisfy doctoral degree credit and residency requirements. The student may petition the Committee on Graduate Studies to accept toward the total of 30 credits a maximum of six credits earned in another approved graduate school. Likewise, the student may petition the Committee on Graduate Studies to accept, toward the total of 30 credits, courses taken in another department.


Advisory Committee. By the end of the first year, the student should establish an advisory/evaluation committee of three faculty members, two of whom should have their primary appointments in the department. One of these must agree to head the committee. All members of the committee must be on the Graduate Faculty. This committee will supervise and evaluate the MA paper.

The student should notify the Committee on Graduate Studies of the names of his or her advisory evaluation committee for formal approval.


Core Course Requirement/Comprehensive Examination. Full-time master's students must pass the core course in their declared subfield by the end of their second term in residence. See the PhD program requirements for additional information.


Foreign Language Requirement. Same as for the PhD program.


Methods Requirement. Students in archeology must pass (with a B- or better) Anthropology 2534 or 2524. They may petition the Committee on Graduate Studies to accept another course in quantitative methods in lieu of these.

Students in physical anthropology or linguistics must pass (with a B- or better) one course in quantitative methods selected from among those offered in the Anthropology Department or elsewhere. They must petition the Committee on Graduate Studies for approval of this course.

Students in cultural anthropology must pass (with a B- or better) one methods course approved by the Committee on Graduate Studies. (See the discussion of methods courses in the PhD requirements.)


Theory Requirement in Cultural Anthropology. Students in cultural anthropology must pass (with a B- or better) Anthropology 2750 (Seminar on Contemporary Theory in Cultural Anthropology) or a comparable seminar approved for this purpose by the Committee on Graduate Studies.

The MA Paper. The student should plan an original research paper with his/her advisory/evaluation committee. This committee will also evaluate the final paper. The student will file a final copy of the paper with the department.


Graduation. The student can obtain a statement of procedures and requirements from the Dean of Graduate Programs, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. (See Application for Graduation)


Statute of Limitations. A student who has not completed the PhD degree within a ten-year University statute of limitations is automatically terminated from the program unless: (1) unusual and mitigating circumstances can be demonstrated, and (2) there is evidence of substantial progress toward completion of the degree requirements. The statute of limitations for PhD students entering with a master's degree is eight years and the statute of limitations for a master's degree is four years.


Important Note. The requirements herein are those currently prevailing within the Department of Anthropology. Additionally, the student must fulfill all conditions imposed by the University and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, as indicated in this bulletin. The Department of Anthropology and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences reserve the right to make further changes in these requirements when they seem appropriate.

Graduate students may take 1000-level courses (except 1901 and 1903) for graduate credit.


Anthropological Linguistics

1440	Language and Prehistory in Mesoamerica	3 cr.	Kaufman
1441	Field Methods in Linguistics	4 cr.	Kaufman
1442	Mayan Languages and Cultures	3 cr.	Kaufman
1443	American Indian Languages	3 cr.	Kaufman
1444	Gypsy Language and Culture	3 cr.	Kaufman
1446	Artificial Languages	3 cr.	Kaufman
1447	Language, Culture, and Society	3 cr.	Kaufman
1448	Aztec Language and Culture	3 cr.	Kaufman
1449	Mesoamerican Linguistics	3 cr.	Kaufman
1466	Topics in Anthropological Linguistics	3 cr.	Kaufman, Benjamin
1486	Historical Linguistics and Prehistory	3 cr.	Kaufman
2440	Language and Prehistory of Mesoamerica	3 cr.	Kaufman
2441	Field Methods in Linguistics	4 cr.	Kaufman
2444	Gypsy Language and Culture	3 cr.	Kaufman
2449	Mesoamerican Linguistics	3 cr.	Kaufman
2450	The Structure of an Amerindian Language	3 cr.	Kaufman
2465	Lexicography	3 cr.	Kaufman
2466	Topics in Anthropological Linguistics	3 cr.	Kaufman, Benjamin
2468	Regional Dialectology	3 cr.	Kaufman
2486	Historical Linguistics and Prehistory	3 cr.	Kaufman
2490	*Linguistics Core Course	4 cr.	Benjamin

Archeology and Prehistory

1516	Introduction to Museum Science	3 cr.	Richardson
1520	Sedimentology and Stratigraphy	4 cr.	Donahue
1521	Geoarcheology	3 cr.	Donahue
1522	Europe in Later Prehistory	3 cr.	McPherron
1523	European Archeology: The Ice Age	3 cr.	McPherron
1524	Chinese Archeology	3 cr.	Linduff
1525	Eastern North American Archeology	3 cr.	Richardson/Allen
1526	Western North American Archeology	3 cr.	Allen
1527	Near Eastern Archeology	3 cr.	Faculty
1528	South American Archeology	3 cr.	Richardson
1530	Origins of Cities	3 cr.	Faculty
1531	Museum Practicum	1-3 cr.	Richardson
1532	Prehistoric Art and Symbol	3 cr.	McPherron
1534	Archeological Data Analysis	I 4 cr.	Drennan
1535	Basic Archeological Field Training	6 cr.	Allen
1536	Advanced Archeological Field Training	3-6 cr.	Allen
1537	Basic Laboratory Analysis	3 cr.	Allen
1538	Advanced Laboratory Analysis	3-9 cr.	Allen
1539	Ancient Maya	3 cr.	Faculty
1540	Special Topics in Archeology	3 cr.	Faculty
1591	Historical Archeology	3 cr.	Faculty
2352	The Iroquoian Peoples: Archeology, Ethnology, History	3 cr.	Allen
2510	Old World Archeology	3 cr.	McPherron
2511	Pleistocene Perspectives	3 cr.	Donahue
2512	Prehistory of a Selected Area	3 cr.	Faculty
2513	Selected Archeological Problem	3 cr.	Faculty
2514	Western Mesoamerican Archeology	3 cr.	Drennan
2515	Seminar: Andean Archeology	3 cr.	Richardson
2516	Chiefdoms	3 cr.	Drennan
2518	Management of Archeological Site Investigations	1 cr.	Faculty
2520	The Archeology of Southern Mesoamerica	3 cr.	Faculty
2522	Sedimentology and Stratigraphy	4 cr.	Kennedy
2523	Intellectual Development of American Archeology	3 cr.	Faculty
2524	Archeological Data Analysis II	4 cr.	Drennan
2525	Europe in Later Prehistory	3 cr.	McPherron
2526	Maritime Adaptations	3 cr.	Richardson
2529	Explanation of Prehistoric Sociocultural Change	3 cr.	Faculty
2531	Household Archeology	3 cr.	Bermann
2532	Geographic information systems	3 cr.	Faculty
2534	Archeological Data Analysis I	4 cr.	Drennan
2541	Regional Settlement Patterns	3 cr.	Drennan
2550	Ethnoarcheology	3 cr.	Allen
2551	Peoples in Contact	3 cr.	Allen
2588	Archeology Core Course	4 cr.	Bermann
2595	History, Philosophy, and Theory of Archeology	3 cr.	Faculty

Physical Anthropology

1600	Human Evolution and Variation	3 cr.	Siegel
1601	Structure and Function	3 cr.	Siegel
1602	Human Skeletal Analysis	4 cr.	Schwartz
1603	Human Origins	3 cr.	Schwartz
1604	Behavioral Ecology	3 cr.	Gaulin
1605	Primate Anatomy	4 cr.	Siegel
1606	Fossil and Living Primates	3 cr.	Schwartz
1607	Primate Behavior	3 cr.	Gaulin
1608	Comparative Osteology and Odontology	3-4 cr.	Schwartz
1610	Physiological Anthropology	3 cr.	Siegel
1611	Evolutionary Theory	3 cr.	Gaulin
1612	Applied Physical Anthropology	3 cr.	Siegel
1613	Primate Biology	3-4 cr.	Schwartz
1615	Evolution of the Vertebrates	3-4 cr.	Schwartz
1618	Special Topics in Sociobiology	3 cr.	Gaulin
1619	Special Topics in Physical Anthropology	3 cr.	Siegel
2601	Special Problems in Biological Anthropology	3 cr.	Faculty
2602	Sociobiology	3 cr.	Gaulin
2603	Laboratory Methods in Physical Anthropology	3 cr.	Siegel
2605	Field Methods in Physical Anthropology	3 cr.	Siegel
2606	Primate Paleontology	3 cr.	Schwartz
2607	Experimental Morphology and Functional Anatomy	3 cr.	Siegel
2608	Primate Biology	3 cr.	Faculty
2609	Seminar in Systematics and Evolution	1-3 cr.	Schwartz
2610	Physiological Anthropology	3 cr.	Siegel
2618	Special Topics in Sociobiology	3 cr.	Gaulin
2630	Physical Anthropology Research	3 cr.	Faculty
2687	Core Course in Physical Anthropology	4 cr.	Gaulin
2692	Physical Anthropology Research Seminar	1 cr.	Siegel
2694	Ethology	3 cr.	Gaulin

Social and Cultural Anthropology

1710	Philosophy of Anthropology	3 cr.	Salmon
1729	Brazil	3 cr.	Smole
1731	Women and Gender in the Third World	3 cr.	McAllister
1738	Gender Perspectives in Anthropology	3 cr.
1739	Cultures of East Asia	3 cr.
1745	Urban Poverty Cultural Implications	3 cr.	Faculty
1746	American Ethnic Tradition	3 cr.	Faculty
1747	Disputes and the American Legal System	3 cr.	Hayden
1748	Cultures of South America	3 cr.	Nutini
1749	Cognition and Culture	3 cr.	Faculty
1752	Anthropology of Food	3 cr.
1753	North American Indians	3 cr.	Faculty
1754	Culture Regions of the United States	3 cr.	Smole
1755	Urban Anthropology	3 cr.	Plotnicov
1756	Economic Anthropology	3 cr.	Sanabria
1757	Social Organization	3 cr.	Nutini
1758	Comparative Political Systems	3 cr.	Tuden
1759	Chinese Society	3 cr.	Watson
1760	Anthropology of Law	3 cr.	Hayden/Scaglion
1761	Medical Anthropology I	3 cr.	Strathern
1762	Human Ecology	3 cr.	Faculty
1764	Cultures and Societies of India	3 cr.	Hayden
1765	Tribal Societies	3 cr.	Scaglion
1766	Introduction to Quantitative Methods	3 cr.	Scaglion
1768	Cultures and Societies of Eastern Europe	3 cr.	Hayden
1769	Dynamics of Ethnicity	3 cr.	Tuden
1770	Kinship and the Family	3 cr.
1771	Religion and Culture	3 cr.	Brown
1772	Anthropology of Women	3 cr.
1773	Cultures of Mesoamerica	3 cr.	Nutini
1774	Perspectives on Religion	3 cr.	Clothey
1775	Applied Anthropology	3 cr.	P. Sabloff
1776	Myth, Symbol, and Ritual	3 cr.	Clothey
1777	American Culture	3 cr.	Plotnicov
1778	Cultures of Africa	3 cr.	Plotnicov
1779	Social and Cultural Change	3 cr.	Tuden
1780	Introduction to Anthropology	3 cr.	Plotnicov
1783	Japanese Culture	1 cr.	Brown
1784	Japanese Society	3 cr.	Brown/Benjamin
1785	Comparative Legal Systems	3 cr.	Hayden
1786	Cultures of the Pacific	3 cr.	Scaglion
1787	Special Topics in Cultural Anthropology	3 cr.	Faculty
2352	The Iroquoian Peoples: Archeology, Ethnology, History	3 cr.	Hayden
2728	Educational Anthropology	3 cr.	Singleton
2729	Problems in North American Ethnology	3 cr.	Hayden
2731	Medical Anthropology II	3 cr.
2732	Anthropology and Contemporary Political Issues	3 cr.	Strathern
2733	Anthropology and Aesthetics	3 cr.	Strathern
2734	Anthropology and Neo-Marxism	3 cr.	Strathern
2737	Anthropology of Food	3 cr.	Bermann
2740	Pacific Ethnology	3 cr.	Scaglion
2741	Anthropology of Law	3 cr.	Hayden
2742	Problems in Melanesian Ethnology	3 cr.	Scaglion
2743	Contemporary Issues in Melanesia	3 cr.	Scaglion
2744	Grants and Research Design	3 cr.	Scaglion/Sanabria
2745	History of Anthropological Theory	3 cr.	Nutini
2747	Ethnography of Melanesia	3 cr.	Scaglion
2750	Contemporary Anthropological Theory	3 cr.	Strathern
2753	Conflict and Violence	3 cr.	Strathern
2754	Comparative Political Systems	3 cr.	Tuden
2755	Cultural, Social, and Psychological Explanation	3 cr.	Salmon
2756	Religion and Culture	3 cr.	Brown
2759	Urban Anthropology	3 cr.	Plotnicov
2760	Japanese Society, Culture, and Education	3 cr.	Singleton
2761	Development Education and Applied Anthropology	3 cr.	Singleton
2762	Human Ecology	3 cr.	Faculty
2763	Field Methods	3 cr.	P. Sabloff
2764	Kinship Theory	3 cr.	Brown
2765	Tribal Societies	3 cr.	Scaglion
2772	Communication and Culture	3 cr.	Benjamin
2773	Cognition and Culture	3 cr.	Faculty
2774	Mathematical Anthropology	3 cr.	Scaglion
2775	Applied Anthropology	3 cr.	P. Sabloff
2782	Special Topics in Cultural Anthropology	3 cr.	Faculty
2783	Social Stratification and Expressive Culture	3 cr.	Nutini
2785	Ethnography of Education	3 cr.	Singleton
2789	Cultural Anthropology Core Course	4 cr.	Faculty

General

2000	Research and Thesis MA Degree	1-9 cr.	Faculty
2902	Directed Study for MA Students	1-9 cr.	Faculty
2980	Readings in Selected Fields	1-9 cr.	Faculty
2990	Independent Study	1-9 cr.	Faculty
3000	Research and Dissertation PhD	1-9 cr.	Faculty

Biological Sciences
Department Chair: David Burgess
Main Office: A234 Langley Hall
(412) 624-4350 (phone) (412) 624-0563 (fax)
http://www.pitt.edu/~biohome/main.html


PRIMARY FACULTY: Professors: BURGESS (Chair), BRINTON, CHAY, CHUNG, FRANZEN, HENDRIX, O'CONNOR, PIPAS, PEEBLES, RAIKOW, JOHN ROSENBERG; Associate Professors: CAMPBELL, COFFMAN, CORWIN (Associate Dean of College of General Studies), DeFRANCO, GOTTLIEB, GRABOWSKI (Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator), HATFULL (Eberly Family Professor of Biotechnology), JACOBSON, JEN-JACOBSON, KALISZ, KREITHEN, SHOSTAK, TONSOR (Director of Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology), WALSH; Assistant Professors: ARNDT, ASHMAN, BRODSKY, CARSON, CARTHEW, CHAILLET, EVANS, GILBERT, KUZIORA, SAUNDERS; Lab Instructors: BLEDSOE, GODFREY; Research Assistant Professor: RAAB; Director of Undergraduate Programs: HUNTER

EMERITUS FACULTY: Professors: ABRAMS, BENDET, BENTLEY, CARELL, EDMONDS, HARTMAN, LAUFFER (Andrew Mellon Professor), McCOY, PARTANEN, JEROME ROSENBERG (Dean Emeritus and Research Integrity Officer); Research Professor: McCONNELL; Associate Professor: STEVENS

The purpose of a graduate education in the Biological Sciences is to provide students with the training, guidance, experience, and the opportunities to participate in research that will allow them to make the transition from being "interested consumers" of biological knowledge to being fully participating members of the biological profession. As such, they will be able to recognize the limits of our current biological knowledge and to use that insight to design research that addresses those limits. They will carry out that research with the skill and integrity necessary to advance our level of knowledge. They will be able to integrate the new insights from their research with existing knowledge and with advances from other biologists to generate new levels of understanding. And they will have the ability to effectively share their new insights with their colleagues, students, and others through lectures, through writing, and through other forms of teaching.

There are three Programs of Graduate Study in Biological Sciences: Structural Biophysics (SB), Ecology and Evolution (E&E), and Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (MCDB). Although these programs represent different areas of study in the Biological Sciences, they operate with common mechanisms for admission, advice and guidance, first-year courses, teaching requirements, and dissertation research. These common aspects are described briefly below. For more detailed information, students are encouraged to read our publications, Graduate Program in the Biological Sciences and Handbook for Graduate Study, which can be obtained by writing Director of Graduate Admissions, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260.

Admission Requirements
All students should comply with the general regulations for admission as noted earlier in this bulletin. The minimum requirements for admission to graduate study in the Department of Biological Sciences for all three graduate programs (MCDB, SB, and E&E) are described here. Additional requirements may apply for any specific program; for example, identification of a research adviser is generally necessary for admission into the E&E program. These requirements are:

A baccalaureate degree in chemistry, mathematics, physics or any of the biological sciences, e.g., biology, botany, zoology, biochemistry, biophysics, microbiology.

An overall and science undergraduate performance of B or better (Grade Point Average of at least 3.0/4.0). Exceptions to these criteria require special justification at both department and graduate school levels.

At least two courses completed in each of the following study areas: biology, general chemistry, organic chemistry, physics, and mathematics through calculus. Appropriate advanced courses completed in the area of interest.

Placement at or above the 60th percentile in both the Aptitude and Advanced sections of the Graduate Record Examination. The Advanced test may be taken in biochemistry and molecular biology, biology, chemistry, or physics.

For applicants whose native language is not English, proficiency in English must be demonstrated either by a score of 550 or better on the TOEFL examination or by personal interview.

Submission of three or more letters of reference from undergraduate faculty or laboratory supervisors who are in a position to accurately assess the applicant's qualifications for graduate training.

Submission of a statement from the applicant describing any special training, career goals, and personal motivation for attending our graduate program.

Qualified applicants who are interested in the biological sciences even though former study has not been in this field will be encouraged to obtain the necessary background while enrolled on a provisional footing. If there are specific deficiencies in the undergraduate background, these will be defined at the time of admission and must be overcome before full graduate status can be awarded.

Doctor of Philosophy Degree Requirements
A PhD program is offered in all three programs and normally involves four or more years of study. The three programs of graduate training have similar structures for the first-year curriculum and somewhat different structures for subsequent years. Each of the three programs offers a modular core course as a requirement for all first-year students (Current Topics in Structural Biophysics, Current Topics in Ecology and Evolution, and Current Topics in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology). Students in the E&E and MCDB programs also take the graduate seminar courses. Students in the SB and MCDB programs perform research rotations in the first year. Generally, students then choose a thesis adviser by the end of the second term. Students in the E&E program usually identify a research adviser prior to entry. There is no requirement in the E&E program for research rotations, although students may elect to carry out rotation(s) in the event that their selection of an initial adviser proves unsatisfactory.

Advancement to the second year of study requires successful completion of all courses (B average or better) and an appropriate intellectual attitude. E&E students must also pass a preliminary examination. Students are expected to establish their dissertation research topic during the second year. Admission to candidacy for the PhD degree is based upon a demonstration of desire and competence in the laboratory during the second year and satisfactory completion of a comprehensive examination given at the end of the second year. Before admission to candidacy, there must be a meeting of the student with the proposed doctoral committee. During the second and subsequent years, students, with the advice of their research supervisors, elect courses appropriate to their research endeavor. The PhD is awarded following successful defense of the thesis with a public seminar and satisfaction of all other University, department, and program requirements. (See General Degree Regulations)

Master of Science Degree Requirements
Admission for study toward an MS degree is offered only in the Ecology and Evolution Program. This course of study, which requires approximately two years, attempts to provide students with an educational opportunity beyond the bachelor's degree that stresses methods of research, independent thought, and written communication of scientific results. It is an endeavor with different objectives from those of the doctoral program, and master's students are regarded as a group with legitimate aspirations and particular needs. The requirements include 12 credits of course work, 10 of which must be taken for a letter grade from among the approved offerings of the department, and 18 credits of laboratory research. All candidates take a comprehensive examination within their first year and prepare and defend a thesis. Similar standards are expected of master's and PhD dissertations, with differences primarily involving the duration of time involved in the project and the scope of dissertation coverage.

Interdepartmental Programs
The Department of Biological Sciences is involved in several interdisciplinary programs with other sectors of the University and with other institutions. Students interested in these programs should request complete information from the department.


Structural Biophysics. A graduate course in structural biophysics and computational biology is offered jointly with the Department of Crystallography, University of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon. There are extensive research collaborations among members of these four departments and a joint graduate program is under development.


MD/PhD Program. Through the MD/PhD Program of the University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon, exceptional students wishing to specialize in medical research may combine the curriculum at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine with the graduate curriculum at the Department of Biological Sciences. Prospective students must apply individually to the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and to the MD/PhD Program.

Research Programs
Research in the department covers a broad range, from systematics and bird behavior to X-ray crystallography and gene expression. Within that range, interests and expertise are concentrated in a number of areas of strength that provide corresponding communities of common interests within the department. These include cell and developmental biology, biochemistry, structural biology, computational biology, molecular biology, genetics, microbiology, and neurobiology. The complete list of activities is too extensive to reproduce here; those interested in graduate study in the department should request the publication, Graduate Study in the Biological Sciences, in which are summarized the research programs of all faculty members. The department's research activities are strongly supported (about 4.0 million dollars) by various national agencies, particularly NIH and NSF, and a variety of private agencies such as the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, March of Dimes, American Cancer Society, and American Heart Association.

Facilities
The department is located in three, internally connected, modern structures: Clapp, Crawford, and Langley Halls. Within the complex are contained fully equipped research laboratories, teaching laboratories, a 30,000-volume library devoted to the biological sciences, faculty and graduate student offices, and research support services (greenhouses, a machine shop, photographic suites, media preparation kitchens, controlled environment units, animal and bird housing, aquaria, etc.). Provision has been made for the large-scale culture of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and animal cells under appropriate containment conditions. Special services available within the department include an in-house DNA synthesis facility, complete X-ray crystallography facilities, a microscopy suite with scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopes, confocal microscope, and associated sample preparation facilities, and a transgenic mouse facility. Nuclear magnetic resonance, peptide synthesis, and hybridoma facilities, and the Carnegie Museum of Natural History are available in the immediate vicinity. Elsewhere on campus there is an excellent general library, Hillman Library, as well as other specialized libraries, and a comprehensive Computer Center. The University of Pittsburgh is a partner in the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center.

The department's field laboratory, the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology, is located about 100 miles north of Pittsburgh at Linesville, PA, on Pymatuning Reservoir. This station provides the opportunity for year-round research on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Well-equipped laboratories, a library, and other research support facilities as well as on-site housing are available to investigators. The laboratory is situated within a Wildlife Sanctuary and Propagation Area managed by the Pennsylvania Game Commission, and a hatchery of the Pennsylvania Fish Commission is nearby. A Waterfowl Museum displays 300 mounted specimens taken in this area. A brochure describing summer courses is available from the department.

Support
All graduate students in the department receive some kind of financial assistance, either as teaching assistants or as graduate student researchers. Qualified students are encouraged to apply for an Andrew Mellon predoctoral fellowship (See Financial Assistance) and for national fellowships awarded by various agencies and foundations.

Courses
Graduate students from other departments requiring a general survey of biochemistry are advised to register for BIOSC 1000 or 1810 and 1820.

Selected Upper-division Undergraduate Courses
1000 INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CHEM 0310 or 0320 and CHEM 0350 or 0360 (or instructor's permission)

1200 VERTEBRATE MORPHOLOGY 3 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 0150, 0160

1210 VERTEBRATE MORPHOLOGY LABORATORY 2 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 0150, 0160, 1200, 0060

1280 MICROBIAL GENETICS 3 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 1850

1290 MICROBIAL GENETICS LABORATORY 1 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 1860; Corequisite: BIOSC 1280

1320 POPULATION ECOLOGY 3 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 0370

1370 BIOGEOGRAPHY 3 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 0370

1380 GLOBAL ECOLOGY 3 cr.

1470 BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 3 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 0150, 0160, MATH 0230

1500 CELL BIOLOGY 3 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 1000 or 1810, CHEM 0320

1510 CELL BIOLOGY LABORATORY 1 cr.
Corequisite: BIOSC 1500

1520 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 3 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 0350

1530 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LABORATORY 1 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 0050, 0060; corequisite: BIOSC 1520

1730 VIROLOGY 3 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 1850 (or instructor's permission)

1740 VIROLOGY LABORATORY 1 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 1860; corequisite: BIOSC 1730

1750 IMMUNOLOGY LABORATORY 2 cr.
Corequisite: BIOSC 1760

1760 IMMUNOLOGY 3 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 0350 (BIOSC 1000 recommended)

1810 MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CHEM 0310 or 0320 and CHEM 0350 or 0360

1820 METABOLIC PATHWAYS 3 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 1810

1830 BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY 3 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 1810

1850 MICROBIOLOGY 3 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 0350 and BIOSC 1000 or 1810

1860 MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY 2 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 0060, 1850

1870 ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY 3 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 0150, 0160

1880 ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY 1 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 1210, 1870

1890 ADVANCED TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY 3 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 1850 (or instructor's permission)

1940 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 3 cr.
Prerequisite: BIOSC 1810

1950 MOLECULAR GENETICS LABORATORY 2 cr.
Corequisite: BIOSC 1940

Graduate Courses

2000	RESEARCH AND THESIS FOR MS DEGREE	1-9 cr.
2010	CURRENT TOPICS IN MOLECULAR, CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY I	1-6 cr.
2020	CURRENT TOPICS IN MOLECULAR, CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY II	1-6 cr.
2030	ADVANCED TOPICS IN VIROLOGY	2 cr.
2040	SEMINAR IN MOLECULAR, CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY	2 cr.
2050	STUDENT RESEARCH SEMINAR	1 cr.
2070	IMMUNOLOGY	3 cr.
2100	ADVANCED TOPICS IN CELL BIOLOGY	1 cr.
2110	ADVANCED TOPICS IN DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY	1 cr.
2120	ADVANCED TOPICS IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY	1 cr.
2130	ADVANCED TOPICS IN GENETICS	1 cr.
2200	CURRENT TOPICS IN STRUCTURAL BIOPHYSICS	1-3 cr.
2210	BIOPHYSICS SEMINAR	2 cr.
2240	TOPICS IN PHYSICAL BIOCHEMISTRY	3 cr.
2281	CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3 cr.
2282	CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND DIFFRACTION PHYSICS	3 cr.
2283	CRYSTAL STRUCTURE DETERMINATION	3 cr.
2284	PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY	3 cr.
2330	ETHOLOGY	3 cr.
2450	BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SEMINAR	2 cr.
2500	CURRENT TOPICS IN ECOLOGY	1-3 cr.
2510	CURRENT TOPICS IN EVOLUTION	1-3 cr.
2520	SPECIAL TOPICS IN ECOLOGY	3 cr.
2530	SPECIAL TOPICS IN EVOLUTION	3 cr.
2540	ECOLOGY SEMINAR	2 cr.
2560	SEMINAR IN SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION	2 cr.
2580	COMPUTER PROFICIENCY FOR BIOLOGISTS	3 cr.
2960	DEPARTMENTAL SEMINAR	1 cr.
2970	TEACHING OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES	1 cr.
2990	INDEPENDENT STUDY	1-9 cr.
3000	RESEARCH AND DISSERTATION FOR PhD DEGREE	1-9 cr.
3400	ADVANCED TOPICS IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES I	2 cr.
3410	ADVANCED TOPICS IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES II	2 cr.
3420	ADVANCED TOPICS IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES III	2 cr.
3902	DIRECTED STUDY	1-9 cr.

Pymatuning
Graduate work in ecology is offered at the Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. A special brochure describing programs offered at this station is available upon request from the department.

1140	BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY	3 cr.
1160	FOREST ECOLOGY	3 cr.
1170	LIMNOLOGY	3 cr.
1180	ECOLOGY OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES	3 cr.
1190	AQUATIC ENTOMOLOGY	3 cr.
1230	ORNITHOLOGY	3 cr.
1260	AQUATIC BOTANY	3 cr.
1270	ECOLOGY OF FISH	3 cr.
1300	VERTEBRATE COMMUNITY ECOLOGY	3 cr.
1330	FIELD BOTANY	3 cr.
1360	MICROBIAL ECOLOGY: FUNGI	3 cr.
1390	ECOLOGY OF INVERTEBRATES	3 cr.
1410	VERTEBRATE ECOLOGY	3 cr.
1600	STREAM ECOLOGY	3 cr.
2380	ECOLOGICAL GENETICS	3 cr.
2550	EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS IN ECOLOGY	3 cr.
2590	GRADUATE TOPICS IN STREAM ECOLOGY	3 cr.

Chemistry
Department Chair: Andrew Hamilton
Main Office: 234 Chevron Building
(412) 624-8340 (phone) (412) 624- 8552 (fax)
http://www.pitt.edu/~chemrdc/chemistry.html

PRIMARY FACULTY: Professors: ASHER, BUTERA, COHEN, COOPER, CURRAN, DOWD, HALL (Senior Research Professor), HAMILTON (Chair), JORDAN, PRATT, SISKA, WEBER, WILCOX, YATES (Richard K. Mellon Professor); Associate Professors: BERATAN, CHAPMAN, COALSON, GOLDE, GRABOWSKI, HOPKINS, SHEPHERD, STRAUB, WALDECK; Assistant Professors: AKER, MEYER, MICHAEL, NELSON (Visiting), SHIN, TREADO, WALKER, WARNOCK (Visiting), WIPF; Research Professor: SHARKEY; Research Assistant Professor: GEIB; Assistant Chair: CLAYCAMP; Lecturer: RASMUSSEN

AFFILIATED FACULTY: (Adjunct faculty and those with primary appointments in other areas) Professors: FARCASIU (Adjunct, Engineering), WENDER (Adjunct, Engineering); Associate Professor: BALAZS (Adjunct, Engineering)

EMERITUS FACULTY: Professors: BENT, COETZEE, CRAIG, DOUGLAS, ELLISON, HOLLINGSWORTH, LEVINE, MILLER (University Professor), JEROME ROSENBERG (Dean Emeritus), SAFFORD, WALLACE (Distinguished Service Professor), WOLKE; Associate Professor: EPSTEIN

The department provides programs of graduate study leading to the MS and PhD degrees in analytical, inorganic, organic, and physical chemistry. Interdisciplinary research is also currently conducted in the areas of surface science, drug design, natural products synthesis, biosensors, materials research, laser spectroscopy, organometallic chemistry, and theoretical chemistry. A background of a BS degree in chemistry including courses in mathematics through integral calculus is preferred. In addition, the student must meet the general Faculty of Arts and Sciences requirements for admission to graduate study. (See Admissions and Registration in the first section of this bulletin.)

After taking an appraisal exam in each of the four areas of chemistry, each new student meets with the department's Graduate Student Advisement Committee for registration counseling. This meeting is to help with the student's orientation and to plan a first-year program. Similar meetings are held before each registration until the student passes the preliminary examination. At that time the staff member who supervises the student's research becomes his or her major adviser, and the remainder of the student's program is developed in consultation with the adviser. All of the advanced degree programs involve original research and course work. Other requirements include a comprehensive examination, a thesis, a seminar, and for the PhD candidate, a proposal. For the typical PhD candidate, this process takes 4 - 5 years.

Domestic applicants must submit Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores and Advanced Chemistry Test scores. International applicants must also submit TOEFL scores. Additional information about the department's graduate programs can be obtained by contacting the main Chemistry Office, Room 234 Chevron Science Center; e-mail nsattler@vms.cis.pitt.edu.

Doctor of Philosophy Degree
PhD candidates are required to take 12 credits of core courses. Additional courses in accord with the need of the individual student will usually be prescribed. Each candidate is required to participate in some teaching activities, for at least two terms, during his or her doctoral program.

PhD Degree Preliminary Evaluation. The preliminary evaluation consists of an examination of the student's core course record. The student must achieve a grade point average of 3.0 in 12 credits of core courses selected from at least three of the four formal branches of chemistry.


Comprehensive Examination. The oral comprehensive examination is devoted to a discussion of the candidate's research field. The student is asked to report on his or her own work to date and on a future research plan; but beyond that, the student must be prepared to answer questions touching on the theoretical and practical aspects of the general field in which the research problem lies. The student is also expected to show a command of graduate course work related to the field of his or her research. The department's comprehensive examination satisfies the Faculty of Arts and Sciences requirements for an overview examination. With approval by the departmental chair and Dean of Graduate Studies, the student is formally admitted to candidacy for the PhD program.


Seminar. Each student in the doctoral program is required to present at least one seminar, which is open to the department. The seminar may be given at any time during the student's career and on any topic approved by his or her major adviser, including the results of doctoral research.


Proposal. After passage of the comprehensive examination, the student is expected to pursue the thesis problem. When substantial progress on this problem has been made, the student must present an original research proposal before a faculty committee. This proposal must not be closely related to the student's thesis problem.


Thesis and Final Examination. The PhD thesis is a report on an investigation under the supervision of a member of the faculty. It must represent an original contribution to knowledge and must relate what is found to what was known before. The candidate must defend his or her thesis in an oral examination before a doctoral committee consisting of the major adviser, at least two additional departmental Graduate Faculty members, and one Graduate Faculty member from another department within the university. With prior approval, a qualified faculty member from another institution may also be appointed. The final examination is open to all members of the Graduate Faculty.

Chemical Physics Program
Chemical physics is an exciting, interdisciplinary field in which the principles of physics are applied to chemical phenomena. The Departments of Chemistry and Physics cooperate to offer a concentration in Chemical Physics. Students pursue the program through one of the two departments and obtain their PhD in their home department. Students are required to take seven core courses in chemistry and physics. Through the extensive course work training, through the seminars and conferences sponsored by the program, and through the preparation of a dissertation supervised by an interdepartmental committee, students receive rigorous training that prepares them for relevant positions in academe or in industry. Further information can be obtained by contacting the Chemistry Department.


Master of Science Degree
Ordinarily the MS program includes a total of four to six terms of full-time graduate work. Special arrangements are available for individuals who are interested in a part-time master's program.

Each MS student must take a minimum of 12 credits of 2000- or 3000-level chemistry courses for credit. Six of these credits must be core courses; the remaining courses can either be in the student's major area or in other fields. Students electing to present a non-research thesis must take one laboratory course (CHEM 1250, 1380, 1440, 2610, or 3210) for credit in addition to the preceding requirements.

In addition, each student who does not elect a core course in physical chemistry must demonstrate a satisfactory level of accomplishment in the appraisal examination in physical chemistry or must remove a deficiency in this area by completing CHEM 1410 and 1420 with at least a C average.


Comprehensive Examinations. The comprehensive examination consists of an examination of the student's record in the six required core course credits and three additional 2000- or 3000-level credits.


Thesis. The thesis for the MS degree must represent an original research project or a comprehensive and detailed survey of some topic of current interest in chemistry. It must be defended in an oral examination.

Research in Chemistry
The department offers programs of study leading to the MS and PhD degrees in analytical, inorganic, organic, and physical chemistry. Interdisciplinary research is currently conducted in the areas of surface science, natural product synthesis laser spectroscopy, drug design, biosensors, materials science, organometallic chemistry, and theoretical chemistry.

Representative of current research activities in the Department in analytical chemistry are techniques in electroanalytical chemistry, photoelectrochemistry, in vivo electrochemistry, chemical state imaging, UV resonance Raman spectroscopy, and polymer analysis.

In inorganic chemistry studies are being conducted on organotransition metal complexes, redox reactions, complexes of biological interest, transition metal polymers, and optoelectronic materials. The program emphasizes both synthesis and physical methods.

Research in organic chemistry is extensive and includes the areas of reaction mechanisms, ion transport, total synthesis, molecular recognition, natural products synthesis, bioorganic chemistry, synthetic methodology, organometallics, enzyme mechanisms, and physical-organic chemistry.

Research areas in physical chemistry include Raman, electronic, infrared and magnetic resonance spectroscopy; photoelectron spectroscopy; electron transmission spectroscopy; liquid state dynamics; chemistry of upper atmosphere processes; and molecular beam studies. The extensive research on surface science includes all aspects of surface processes. Theoretical fields of research include electronic structure, reaction mechanisms, electron transfer theory, quantum mechanics, and new material design. Research on computer applications to chemistry is under way in a variety of areas.

The Department of Chemistry is housed in a modern chemistry complex. The main 15-story laboratory tower contains separate NMR, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography facilities, in-house machine, electronics, and glassblowing shops, and a vast array of modern research instruments. In addition to instrumentation within individual research groups the department supports shared instrumentation, including three 300 MHz NMRs, one 500 MHz NMR; two high-resolution and two low-resolution mass spectrometers; a light-scattering instrument, a circular dichroism spectrophotometer; a spectropolarimeter; a peptide synthesizer; X-ray systems - single crystal, powder, and fluorescence; a scanning electron microscope; a vibrating sample magnetometer; several FT-IR and UV-VIS spectrophotometers; and workstation computer clusters. The Chemistry Library is a 6,000-square-foot facility that contains more than 30,000 monographs and 15,000 bound periodicals and more than 250 maintained journal subscriptions. Three other chemistry libraries are nearby.

Courses
Advanced Undergraduate/Graduate
1130/2180 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 3 cr.

1210/3210 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS 2 cr.
Basic course, with laboratory work.

1220/3220 COMPUTER INTERFACING 2 cr.
Continuation of 3210, with laboratory work.

1260/2260 INTERMEDIATE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2 cr.

1310/2370 SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 cr.

1380/2380 TECHNIQUES OF ORGANIC RESEARCH 2 cr.

1450/3450 MOLECULAR MODELING AND GRAPHICS 1 cr.
Computational methods for determining molecular structures and stabilities;
use of graphics for displaying structures.

1460/3460 NUMERICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2 cr.
Applications of microcomputers in chemistry.

1600/2600, 2610 (LAB) SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMERS 3-4 cr.

1970 POLYMER STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES 3 cr.

1980 POLYMERIZATION ENGINEERING 3 cr.

1540/2540 INTRODUCTION TO MASS SPECTROMETRY 2 cr.

1560/2560 INTERPRETATION OF MASS SPECTRA OF ORGANIC MOLECULES 2 cr.

Core
2110 ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 3 cr.
2120 ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 3 cr.
2210 ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 3 cr.
2220 CHEMICAL SEPARATIONS 3 cr.
2230 ANALYTICAL SPECTROSCOPY 3 cr.
2310 ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 3 cr.
2320 ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 3 cr.
2410 THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS 3 cr.
2420 QUANTUM MECHANICS AND KINETICS 3 cr.


General
2000 RESEARCH AND THESIS FOR THE MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE 1-12 cr.

2700 GRADUATE RESEARCH SEMINAR 0 cr.
Introduction to the areas of research in the department, to aid new graduate students in selecting research directors.

2970 TEACHING OF CHEMISTRY 1 cr.
All teaching assistants must register for this course during each term in which they have a teaching assignment.

2990 INDEPENDENT STUDY 1-12 cr.

3000 RESEARCH AND DISSERTATION FOR THE DOCTOR OF 1-12 cr.
PHILOSOPHY DEGREE

3902 DIRECTED STUDY var. cr.


Analytical
2210 ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 3 cr.
Thermodynamics and kinetics of electrode processes.

2220 CHEMICAL SEPARATIONS 3 cr.
Thermodynamic and kinetic framework for gas and liquid chromatography.

2230 ANALYTICAL SPECTROSCOPY 3 cr.
Fundamentals of optical spectroscopic methods of analysis.

2290 SEMINAR IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 1 cr.

3200, 3240 ADVANCED TOPICS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 1 cr. each

3230 CHEMOMETRICS 2 cr.
Statistical methods of experimental design.


Inorganic
2110 ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 3 cr.
Molecular symmetry, applications of group theory to bonding and spectroscopy.

2120 ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 3 cr.
Modern descriptive inorganic chemistry.

2190 SEMINAR IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 cr.

3100, 3110, 3120 ADVANCED TOPICS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 cr. each


Organic
2310 ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 3 cr.
Modern mechanistic interpretations of relations between structure and reactivity.

2320 ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 3 cr.
Modern synthetic methods.

2390 SEMINAR IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 cr.

3300, 3310, 3320 ADVANCED TOPICS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 cr. each


Physical
2410 THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS 3 cr.
Development and applications to equilibrium systems.

2420 QUANTUM MECHANICS AND KINETICS 3 cr.
Theory of chemical structure and dynamics.

2490 SEMINAR IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 1 cr.

2530 MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 3 cr.
Rotational, vibrational, and electronic spectroscopy.

2550 MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 3 cr.
Introduction to nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.

3400, 3410, 3420 ADVANCED TOPICS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 1 1 cr. each

3430 ADVANCED QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 3 cr.
Angular momentum, scattering, and polarization effects.

3470 STATISTICAL MECHANICS 3 cr.
Ensembles, partition functions, quantum statistics, and time correlation functions.

3480 CHEMICAL KINETICS 3 cr.
Gas phase reactions, mechanisms, and transport effects.

3490 MOLECULAR COLLISION DYNAMICS 3 cr.
Theory of elastic, inelastic, and reactive collisions; experimental techniques.

3500, 3510, 3520 ADVANCED TOPICS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2 1 cr. each

Classics
Department Chair: Mary Louise Gill
Main Office: 1518 Cathedral of Learning
(412) 624-4493 (phone) (412) 624-4419 (fax)
http://www.pitt.edu/~fasgrad/classics.htm

PRIMARY FACULTY: Professors: AVERY, GILL (Chair), SMETHURST, STAHL (Andrew Mellon Professor); Associate Professors: FLOYD, JONES, MILLER (Graduate Adviser), WEIS (Joint, Fine Arts); Assistant Professor: POSSANZA

AFFILIATED FACULTY (Adjunct faculty and those with primary appointments in other areas) Professor: LENNOX (History and Philosophy of Science); Associate Professors: BOWEN (Adjunct), LOONEY (French and Italian)

EMERITUS FACULTY: Professor: YOUNG

Admission to Graduate Status
The Classics Department is concerned with the interpretation of the culture and society of Greco-Roman antiquity in the widest sense of those terms. The research and graduate level interests of faculty include the Greek and Latin languages and literatures, comparative literature and theater, philosophy and science, history, linguistics, rhetoric, and art and archaeology. Prospective graduate students with interest in any of these fields are invited to consider submitting an application to our program.

Students seeking admission must first meet the requirements of the Office of Graduate Studies. Their undergraduate preparation should include training in Latin or Greek, preferably in both, and they should have a general familiarity with the wider experience of Greco-Roman antiquity, especially its literature and history. The Graduate Record Examination is recommended for all applicants and is required for those applying for financial aid.

Upon acceptance of admission, each graduate student should obtain from the departmental office a copy of the Graduate Program in Classics. The minimal requirements for the degrees established by the Graduate Faculty of the University and by the Office of Graduate Studies, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, as described elsewhere in this bulletin, should be read in conjunction with the specific departmental requirements for these degrees in the following sections.

The Master of Arts Degree Program
The Master of Arts in Classics program is primarily designed as an intermediate experience in the student's preparation for the PhD degree. It may also be regarded as a goal in itself by those who do not wish to pursue the PhD degree. The course requirements are a minimum of eight one-term graduate credit courses (24 credits). At least four of these courses must be in the 2000 series, including at least one graduate reading course and two seminars; CLASS 2010 must be taken in addition. It should be noted, however, that award of the degree is not dependent on the completion of a set number of courses, but on the achievement of an acceptable level of competence. The foreign language requirement must be met in German. Candidates may elect to write an MA thesis, but it is not required; they must take a comprehensive written examination in three fields chosen in consultation with the department.

The Doctor of Philosophy Degree Program
The Doctor of Philosophy in Classics program is primarily designed to train professional scholars and teachers of the classics. Full-time students with a good background in Greek, Latin, and classical studies may complete the program in three years beyond the MA degree but they should recognize that more time may be needed. The requirements for the PhD degree are at least 72 graduate-level credits, 24 of which may also be counted for the MA. At least 12 courses numbered in the 2000 series, covering various specified authors and fields, must be included. All students are required to take part in the department's undergraduate teaching program as preparation for their duties as teachers of Greek, Latin, and classical civilization. The preliminary written examination is identical with the comprehensive written examination for the MA degree in classics. The PhD foreign language requirement in German and either French or Italian must be met as soon as possible. In preparation for the comprehensive written examination for the PhD degree, candidates are furnished with reading lists appropriate to their chosen authors and fields. The examination is in four parts: (1) special author in Greek, (2) special author in Latin, (3) special genre (in both Greek and Latin), and (4) special field. Upon successful completion of the comprehensive examination and all other requirements, the student, in consultation with a dissertation adviser, presents a dissertation prospectus to a faculty committee and, upon approval of the prospectus, is advanced to candidacy. When the dissertation is finished, a final oral defense completes the doctoral requirements.

Program in Classics, Philosophy, and Ancient Science
The Departments of Classics, Philosophy, and History and Philosophy of Science cooperate in offering a graduate Program in Classics, Philosophy, and Ancient Science. Students pursue the program through one of the three departments and obtain their PhD in their home department, spending one year longer on the degree than those in the three regular PhD programs. Students in the program work closely with one another and with the cooperating faculty, which is drawn from all three departments. The program offers specialized, interdisciplinary training in the methods and skills appropriate to the study of philosophy and science of Greek and Roman culture up to the Middle Ages. In addition to specialized work in ancient philosophy or science, students who pursue the program through the Department of Philosophy or the Department of History and Philosophy of Science receive intensive training in the Greek and Latin languages and learn the skills of classical scholarship through courses in classical literature and history. Students who pursue the program through Classics concentrate on one of the other two departments, in addition to their own, and are trained in the later history and systematic techniques of that discipline. Through the seminars, colloquia, and conferences sponsored by the program, and through writing a dissertation supervised by an interdepartmental committee, students receive rigorous training that prepares them for teaching positions and research in college or university departments of classics, philosophy, history, or history and philosophy of science. Further information about this program can be obtained by writing to the Director, Program in Classics, Philosophy, and Ancient Science, or on application to one of the three departments.

Courses Carrying Graduate Credit
The following undergraduate courses may be taken for graduate credit. Courses in Greek and Latin may be repeated with the permission of the department when the author and/or work covered changes. Except where otherwise noted, all courses carry three credits.

GREEK 1300	GREEK AUTHORS I
GREEK 1302	GREEK AUTHORS II
GREEK 1400	GREEK READING: EPIC
GREEK 1402	GREEK READING: TRAGEDY
GREEK 1404	GREEK READING: COMEDY
GREEK 1406	GREEK READING: LYRIC
GREEK 1416	GREEK READING: HISTORIANS
GREEK 1418	GREEK READING: ORATORS
GREEK 1420	GREEK READING: PHILOSOPHERS
GREEK 1530	HELLENISTIC LITERATURE
GREEK 1700	PROSE COMPOSITION (1-3 crs.)

LATIN 1030	MEDIEVAL LATIN
LATIN 1300	LATIN AUTHORS I
LATIN 1302	LATIN AUTHORS II
LATIN 1400	LATIN READING: EPIC
LATIN 1402	LATIN READING: DRAMA
LATIN 1406	LATIN READING: LYRIC
LATIN 1410	LATIN READING: SATIRE
LATIN 1412	LATIN READING: ELEGY
LATIN 1416	LATIN READING: HISTORIANS
LATIN 1418	LATIN READING: ORATORS
LATIN 1420	LATIN READING: PHILOSOPHERS
LATIN 1422	LATIN READING: EPISTOLOGRAPHY
LATIN 1700	LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION (1-3 crs.)

CLASS 1210	GREEK HISTORY
CLASS 1220	ROMAN HISTORY
CLASS 1312	PLATO
CLASS 1314	ARISTOTLE
CLASS 1510	GREEK ART
CLASS 1520	ROMAN ART
CLASS 1710	SANSKRIT I
CLASS 1720	SANSKRIT II

Graduate reading courses and seminars in both Greek and Latin are offered each fall and spring term; they may be repeated for credit provided that the author and/or works treated are different. Other 2000 courses are offered from time to time as the need arises. Except where otherwise noted, all courses carry three credits.

CLASS 2010	INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICAL STUDIES (1 cr.)
CLASS 2040	COMPARATIVE GRAMMAR OF GREEK AND LATIN
CLASS 2090	TOPICS IN CLASSICS
CLASS 2210	SOCIAL HISTORY OF ANCIENT WORLD
CLASS 2300	STUDIES IN ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY
CLASS 2310	STUDIES IN PRESOCRATIC PHILOSOPHY
CLASS 2312	STUDIES IN PLATO
CLASS 2314	STUDIES IN ARISTOTLE
CLASS 2316	STUDIES IN HELLENISTIC PHILOSOPHY
CLASS 2340	ANCIENT MEDICINE
CLASS 2370	STUDIES IN MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY
CLASS 2390	TOPICS IN ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY
CLASS 2902	DIRECTED STUDY FOR MA STUDENTS (1-3 crs.)
CLASS 2970	TEACHING OF GREEK
CLASS 2971	TEACHING OF LATIN
CLASS 2972	TEACHING OF CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION
CLASS 2990	INDEPENDENT STUDY (1-9 crs.)
CLASS 3000	DISSERTATION RESEARCH FOR PhD (1-9 crs.)
CLASS 3902	DIRECTED STUDY FOR PhD STUDENTS (1-9 crs.)

GREEK 2100	GREEK READING: EPIC
GREEK 2102	GREEK READING: TRAGEDY
GREEK 2104	GREEK READING: COMEDY
GREEK 2106	GREEK READING: LYRIC
GREEK 2116	GREEK READING: HISTORIANS
GREEK 2118	GREEK READING: ORATORS
GREEK 2120	GREEK READING: PHILOSOPHERS
GREEK 2130	GRADUATE READING: SPECIAL TOPICS
GREEK 2150	HISTORY OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE
GREEK 2190	TOPICS IN GREEK
GREEK 2200	GREEK SEMINAR: EPIC
GREEK 2202	GREEK SEMINAR: TRAGEDY
GREEK 2204	GREEK SEMINAR: COMEDY
GREEK 2206	GREEK SEMINAR: LYRIC
GREEK 2208	GREEK SEMINAR: PASTORAL
GREEK 2214	GREEK SEMINAR: NOVEL
GREEK 2216	GREEK SEMINAR: HISTORIANS
GREEK 2218	GREEK SEMINAR: ORATORS
GREEK 2220	GREEK SEMINAR: PHILOSOPHERS
GREEK 2230	GREEK SEMINAR: SPECIAL TOPICS
GREEK 2990	INDEPENDENT STUDY
GREEK 2992	PhD READING EXAMINATION
GREEK 2318	ARISTOTLE'S MATTER THEORY

LATIN 2100	LATIN READING: EPIC
LATIN 2102	LATIN READING: DRAMA
LATIN 2106	LATIN READING: LYRIC
LATIN 2110	LATIN READING: SATIRE
LATIN 2112	LATIN READING: ELEGY
LATIN 2116	LATIN READING: HISTORIANS
LATIN 2118	LATIN READING: ORATORS
LATIN 2120	LATIN READING: PHILOSOPHERS
LATIN 2122	LATIN READING: EPISTOLOGRAPHY
LATIN 2150	HISTORY OF THE LATIN LANGUAGE
LATIN 2190	TOPICS IN LATIN
LATIN 2200	LATIN SEMINAR: EPIC
LATIN 2202	LATIN SEMINAR: DRAMA
LATIN 2206	LATIN SEMINAR: LYRIC
LATIN 2208	LATIN SEMINAR: PASTORAL
LATIN 2210	LATIN SEMINAR: SATIRE
LATIN 2212	LATIN SEMINAR: ELEGY
LATIN 2214	LATIN SEMINAR: NOVEL
LATIN 2216	LATIN SEMINAR: HISTORIANS
LATIN 2218	LATIN SEMINAR: ORATORS
LATIN 2220	LATIN SEMINAR: PHILOSOPHERS
LATIN 2222	LATIN SEMINAR: EPISTOLOGRAPHY
LATIN 2230	LATIN SEMINAR: SPECIAL TOPICS
LATIN 2300	LATIN PALAEOGRAPHY
LATIN 2990	INDEPENDENT STUDY
LATIN 2992	GRADUATE READING EXAMINATION

Communication
Department Chair: Ted Windt
Main Office: 1117 Cathedral of Learning
(412) 624-6807 (phone) (412) 624-1878 (fax)
http://www.pitt.edu/~fasgrad/commrc.htm
http://www.pitt.edu/~howardg/commcd.html

PRIMARY FACULTY: Professors: GOLDSTEIN, KRIPS, LYNE, McNEIL, WINDT (Chair); Associate Professors: DANIEL (Vice Provost for Academic Affairs), DOLLAGHAN, EGOLF, KANE , MELIA, MOORE, OLSON, (Director of Graduate Studies, Rhetoric and Communication) POULAKOS, TOMPKINS; Assistant Professors: ASTROFF, CLARK, COHN (Clinical, Director, Speech and Hearing Clinic), FELSENFELD, FUSFIELD, GRAYHACK, PALMER, PRATT, SKUPIEN, STABILE; Lecturer: GAREIS; Instructor: KANIA (Clinical)


AFFILIATED FACULTY: (Adjunct faculty and those with primary appointments in other areas) Professors: BEVERLEY (Hispanic Languages and Literatures), DURRANT (Medicine), FISCHER (English), LOMBARDO (French and Italian), MacCABE (English), McGUIRE (History and Philosophy of Science), MOLLER (Adjunct, Medicine); Associate Professors: NEBES (Medicine), PATTERSON (Adjunct); Assistant Professors: BEHRMAN (Adjunct), BOURGEOIS (Adjunct), CAMPBELL (Medicine), DOYLE (Adjunct), EGER (Adjunct), ENGLISH (Adjunct), EZELL (Adjunct), FROMM (Medicine), KACZMAREK (Medicine), NOZZA (Medicine), SABO (Medicine), SMALL (Medicine), Skwarecki (Adjunct)


EMERITUS FACULTY: Professors: BURGI, MATTHEWS, McWILLIAMS, NEWMAN, RUBIN, SHAMES, WALTER


The department offers the master's and PhD degrees in rhetoric and communication. Prior to January of 1996, the department also encompassed a program in communication disorders. Communication Disorders is now part of the Graduate School of Public Health. For more information on this program, call (412) 383-1600.

The candidate will, upon admission, be assigned an adviser who will assist the candidate in planning a course of study. Following are policy statements and requirements in each of the divisions: Rhetoric and Communication and Communication Science and Disorders.

Rhetoric and Communication (COMMRC)
Theodore Windt, Coordinator; Lester Olson, Director of Graduate Studies


Areas of Emphasis
The areas of major emphasis are: rhetorical theory and criticism, political communication, public argument, philosophy and rhetoric, rhetoric of science, communication theory, communication and production of meaning, and media studies.


Master's Program
Master of Arts candidates must take a total of 30 credits. Six of these credits may be from another department. The University requirements concerning residence and course requirements are explained earlier in this bulletin under the Requirements for the Master of Arts and Master of Science Degrees section. After the completion of 30 credits, candidates will be examined by this division's Comprehensive Committee. To satisfy the comprehensive requirements for the MA, students must answer questions in two of the following three areas: communication, rhetoric, and media, plus additional questions in an area of specialty as designated by the candidate. In addition, candidates are required to complete two major research papers or a master's thesis.


Doctoral Program
Candidates for the PhD degree must meet the general requirements of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences regarding preliminary and comprehensive examinations, overview or prospectus meeting, dissertation, and oral defense. For the comprehensive, students must answer questions in two of the following three areas: communication, rhetoric, and media, plus additional questions in an area of specialty as designated by the candidate. A minimum of 72 credits beyond the baccalaureate is required, including 12 dissertation credits. Twelve of these credits must be taken from another department.

Additional information may be obtained by contacting the Director of Graduate Studies, Rhetoric and Communication, Department of Communication, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260.


Courses Carrying Graduate Credit
Rhetorical Theory and Criticism

1112	THEORIES OF RHETORIC (Poulakos)
1115	AFRICAN-AMERICAN RHETORIC (Daniel)
1123	RHETORICAL CRITICISM (Olson)
1142	THEORIES OF MODERN RHETORIC (Poulakos)
1145	THE HISTORY OF RHETORIC
2201	SEMINAR IN RHETORICAL CRITICISM (Olson)
2203	PHILOSOPHY AND RHETORIC (Krips or Poulakos)
2205	NEO-ARISTOTELIAN RHETORIC (Windt)
2217	MODERN THEORIES OF RHETORIC (Melia)
2245	SEMINAR IN CLASSICAL RHETORIC (Poulakos)
3302	SEMINAR IN RHETORICAL CRITICISM (topics vary)
3317	SEMINAR IN RHETORICAL THEORY (topics vary)

Rhetoric of Science

1143	KNOWLEDGE, POWER, AND REASON (Krips)
1147	THE RHETORIC OF SCIENCE
2285	SCIENCE AND ITS RHETORIC (Melia)
2204	MYTH, IDEOLOGY, AND SCIENCE (Krips)
3340	RHETORIC AND COMMUNICATION IN SCIENCE POLICY
3343	RHETORIC IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES (Melia)

Public Argument

1117	20TH-CENTURY PUBLIC ARGUMENT (Kane)
1118	PRESIDENTIAL RHETORIC I (Windt)
1119	PRESIDENTIAL RHETORIC II (Windt)
1120	RHETORIC OF THE COLD WAR (Kane)
2213	AMERICAN PUBLIC ARGUMENT (Olson)
2214	CONTEMPORARY PUBLIC ARGUMENT (Kane)
2219	RHETORIC OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS (Windt)
3306	RHETORIC AND CULTURE (Fusfield)
3314	SEMINAR IN PUBLIC ARGUMENT (topics vary)
3319	SEMINAR IN PRESIDENTIAL RHETORIC (topics vary)

Communication Theory and Research

1021	LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
1109	NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION (Egolf)
2233	THEORIES AND MODELS OF COMMUNICATION (Skupien)
3333	CONTEMPORARY VIEWPOINTS IN COMMUNICATION THEORY (Egolf, Skupien)
3336	SPECIAL TOPICS IN COMMUNICATION (topics vary)

Communication and Production of Meaning

1106	SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION (Egolf)
1110	THEORIES OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION (Skupien)
2263	RESEARCH IN INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION (Skupien)
2265	RESEARCH IN SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION
3339	SEMINAR IN NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION (Egolf)
3363	SEMINAR IN INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION (topics vary)
3365	SEMINAR IN SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION (topics vary)
3367	PRACTICUM IN INTERPERSONAL AND SMALL GROUP RESEARCH

Media Studies

1105	TELEVISION AND SOCIETY (Astroff or Clark)
1113	AFRICAN-AMERICANS AND MASS MEDIA (Daniel)
1114	FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND PRESS (Clark)
1121	HISTORY OF MASS MEDIA (Clark)
1122	MEDIA CRITICISM (Astroff, Stabile)
1125	MEDIA THEORY (Clark)
2226	MEDIA AND CULTURAL STUDIES (Clark)
2227	MEDIA THEORIES (Astroff, Stabile)
2229	GLOBAL CULTURES
3325	SEMINAR IN MASS COMMUNICATION
3326	SEMINAR IN MEDIA STUDIES

Additional Course Offerings
Argumentation and Social influence

1101	EVIDENCE
1111	THEORIES OF PERSUASION (Fusfield or Olson)
2206	THEORIES OF EVIDENCE (Newman)
2242	NONVERBAL RHETORIC (Egolf)

Research Methods

2201	SEMINAR IN RHETORICAL CRITICISM (Olson)
2202	HISTORICAL METHODS IN RHETORIC (Newman)
2230	COMMUNICATION RESEARCH I (Egolf)
3330	COMMUNICATION RESEARCH II (Egolf)
3331	COMMUNICATION RESEARCH III (Egolf)
3332	QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS IN COMMUNICATION (Skupien)
3382	SEMINAR IN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (topics vary)

General

2000	RESEARCH AND THESIS FOR THE MASTER'S DEGREE
2990	INDEPENDENT STUDY
3000	DISSERTATION RESEARCH
3902	DIRECTED STUDY

Communication Disorders (COMMCD)
Research and teaching activities in the Division of Communication Disorders focus on the anatomical, physiological, psychological, neurological, and genetic processes that underlie speech, language, and hearing skills in normal individuals and those with communicative disorders. Programs leading to the MA, MS, and PhD are offered. Faculty and graduate students conduct research on a wide spectrum of topics, including, among others, neurologic language processes and disorders, speech processes and disorders, speech and vocal fold physiology, speech motor control, speech perception, pediatric and adult diagnostic audiology and aural rehabilitation, auditory learning and adaptation, cleft palate and craniofacial disorders, speech and language intervention, and applied behavior analysis.


Admission and Financial Aid
Applications, which can be obtained from the division secretary, must be submitted by March 20 for graduate study beginning the following fall term. In addition to academic transcripts, applicants must submit three letters of recommendation, certified scores on the Graduate Record Examination, and a personal statement. An undergraduate major in communication disorders is not a requirement for admission to the master's degree program. However, course work in a number of areas (including anatomy and physiology of speech and hearing mechanisms, speech and hearing science, human development, linguistics, and phonetics) is a prerequisite to enrolling in graduate classes. Students who are accepted into the program without adequate preparation in these areas will be required to complete the prerequisite courses prior to beginning their graduate course work. The department requires that a master's degree be obtained before admission to the PhD program.

Federal research and training grants to faculty members serve as the principal sources of financial assistance to graduate students in Communication Disorders. Assistantships on such grants are awarded competitively, primarily on the basis of academic merit. Information on applying for assistantships may be obtained from the chairperson of the financial aid committee.


Facilities
The Division of Communication Disorders includes a number of laboratories, which support faculty research as well as provide research and instructional opportunities for students. The equipment resources of the division are quite diverse, with essential capabilities including acquisition, analysis, editing and synthesizing of audio and video data, psychological and biological audiometrics, physiologic transduction and analysis, and behavioral analysis. The division also operates the University of Pittsburgh Speech and Hearing Clinic, a comprehensive center for the evaluation and treatment of individuals with speech, language, and hearing impairments. In addition, the division is affiliated with over 40 Pittsburgh-area facilities, including hospitals, specialized clinics, schools, and private practice agencies. These resources ensure that students have opportunities to obtain an extensive and diverse set of transdisciplinary experiences during their graduate work.


Master's Program in Communication Disorders
The master's degree program has been designed to provide students with (1) a specialized academic education in communication processes and disorders, including disorders of speech, language, and hearing; (2) the knowledge and skills needed to critically evaluate empirical research; and (3) clinical expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of individuals having communicative disorders. The master's degree program has two specializations, one in speech-language pathology and one in audiology. Both are accredited by the Educational Standards Board of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.

The master's program in speech-language pathology includes 47 credits of academic course work in addition to clinical and research experiences specified below. The program is designed to require two full years (six terms) of study. During the first four terms of the program, students complete 12 required academic courses in addition to a variable number of the 12 required credits in clinical practicum. Required courses include 2041, 2043, 2061, 2064, 2070, 2071, 2072, 2073, 2074, 2075, 2081, and 2082. The second year's curriculum in speech-language pathology is largely elective, and offers the student the opportunity to concentrate in one or more areas. Four advanced seminars (e.g., 2076, 2263, 2271, 2273, 2274, 2275, 2479, 2479) are required during this year, along with the remaining clinical practicum credits and at least one credit of research practicum (2971).

The master's program in audiology includes 36 credits of academic course work in addition to the clinical and research experiences specified below. The program is designed to be completed in five or six consecutive terms of study. Required courses are 2041, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047, 2048, 2049, 2081, 2251, and 2455). Students are enrolled in clinical practicum throughout the program and are required to enroll for at least one credit of research practicum.

Master's students in both speech-language pathology and audiology are required to pass a comprehensive examination consisting of written and oral components. Students are also required to complete either a research project or a thesis. Completion of a thesis allows the student to earn the Master of Science degree and exempts the student from the oral portion of the comprehensive examination. All students also must participate in biweekly divisional proseminars (2060), which consist of presentations and discussions led by faculty members or colleagues from related disciplines. All course work and practicum credits must be completed with a minimum grade of B to satisfy requirements for the degree.

Clinical practicum requirements are met at the University's Speech and Hearing Clinic (which is accredited both in audiology and speech-language pathology by the Professional Services Board of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association) and at any of the approximately 40 Pittsburgh-area facilities with which the program is affiliated. These include the major hospitals, specialty clinics, and private practices in the area, as well as public and private schools.


Doctoral program in Communication Disorders
The doctoral program is oriented toward the basic scientific questions in the discipline, with an emphasis on basic and applied research training. Our objectives for students at the doctoral level are four in number: (1) to provide academic course work and scientific experience sufficient to ensure that students are well versed in the most current theories, models, and methods in each of the major areas of communication science and disorders; (2) to facilitate students' interaction with members of the University of Pittsburgh community from related disciplines by providing students with knowledge of the theories and models relevant to interdisciplinary research; (3) to foster students' development of a personal philosophy of, as well as direct experience in, university teaching; and (4) to imbue in students a desire to become leaders in the field. The expectations of graduating doctoral students are that they are able to conduct a program of independent, creative, scholarly research and that they can plan and execute effective teaching at all levels of pedagogy.

All doctoral students are required to take a doctoral research seminar and a minimum of three additional doctoral seminars in the Division of Communication Disorders: one in speech and language, a second in hearing, and a third in the student's major area of study. Doctoral students also take 12 credits of course work in statistics and experimental design, and six credits of research practicum. Doctoral students are required to attend the biweekly divisional proseminar, and a student-centered biweekly research roundtable that allows participation and problem-solving by students at various stages of their research training. In addition, students are strongly encouraged to take courses in teaching and grant preparation, and to complete teaching practica.

Other doctoral program experiences are individually tailored and designed to meet a variety of academic and professional goals, including the development of research, teaching, and writing skills. Each doctoral student's adviser and planning committee meet with the student no later than his or her second term of residence to specify the course work and experiences that are relevant to the student's goals. In addition, three formal degree requirements must be satisfied before a student is recommended for admission to candidacy for the doctoral degree. First, during the student's first term in the program, he or she must pass a preliminary evaluation of writing and critical thinking skills in at least three core areas of interest. Second, the student must complete a pre-dissertation project, consisting of a databased manuscript resulting from a research practicum experience. This project must be completed prior to the comprehensive examination. Finally, the student must pass a comprehensive examination consisting of three substantive written projects, and an open-ended oral examination.

Candidates for the PhD in Communication Disorders must meet the general requirements of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences with respect to credit requirements, the preliminary and comprehensive examinations, the overview meeting, and the preparation and defense of a dissertation.

Additional information may be obtained from the Division of Communication Disorders, 3347 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260.


Courses carrying graduate credit

2000	RESEARCH AND THESIS FOR THE MASTER'S DEGREE (every term) var cr.
2041	AURAL REHABILITATION
2043	DIAGNOSTIC AUDIOLOGY I
2044	DIAGNOSTIC AUDIOLOGY II
2045	ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
2046	PEDIATRIC AUDIOLOGY
2047	HEARING AIDS
2048	INSTRUMENTATION IN HEARING SCIENCE
2049	SEMINAR IN AUDIOLOGY
2056	CLINIC PRACTICE IN AUDIOLOGY
2060	PROSEMINAR
2061	CLINICAL INTERVIEWING AND COUNSELING
2064	ORIENTATION TO CLINICAL PROCEDURES
2065	CLINIC PRACTICE: DIAGNOSIS IN SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY
2066	CLINIC PRACTICE: REMEDIATION IN SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY
2067	CLINIC PRACTICE: SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY IN SCHOOL SETTINGS
2070	ARTICULATION AND PHONOLOGICAL DISORDERS
2071	CHILD LANGUAGE DISORDERS
2072	FLUENCY DISORDERS
2073	VOICE DISORDERS
2074	CLEFT PALATE AND CRANIOFACIAL DISORDERS
2075	NEUROGENIC DISORDERS
2076	LARYNGECTOMY AND DYSPHAGIA
2077	AUGMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION
2080	SPEECH INSTRUMENTATION LABORATORY
2081	RESEARCH STRATEGIES AND TACTICS
2082	PROFESSIONAL ISSUES
2251	SEMINAR IN ELECTRONYSTAGMOGRAPHY
2271	SEMINAR IN CHILD LANGUAGE DISORDERS
2272	SEMINAR IN FLUENCY DISORDERS
2273	SEMINAR IN VOICE DISORDERS
2274	SEMINAR IN CRANIOFACIAL DISORDERS
2275	SEMINAR IN NEUROGENIC DISORDERS
2276	SEMINAR IN MOTOR SPEECH
2450	SEMINAR IN EXPERIMENTAL AUDIOLOGY
2454	SEMINAR IN HEARING SCIENCE
2455	SEMINAR IN ADVANCED AUDIOLOGY
2456	SEMINAR IN DEVELOPMENTAL SPEECH PERCEPTION
2478	SEMINAR IN SPEECH-LANGUAGE SCIENCE
2479	SEMINAR IN SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY
2481	SEMINAR IN RESEARCH METHODS
2902	DIRECTED STUDY FOR MASTER'S STUDENTS
2970	TEACHING PRACTICUM
2971	RESEARCH PRACTICUM FOR MASTER'S STUDENTS
2973	PRACTICUM IN CLINIC SUPERVISION
2990	INDEPENDENT STUDY
3000	DISSERTATION
3048	PhD SEMINAR
3478	RESEARCH SEMINAR IN SPEECH-LANGUAGE SCIENCE
3479	RESEARCH SEMINAR IN SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY
3902	DIRECTED STUDY FOR PhD STUDENTS
3971	RESEARCH PRACTICUM FOR PhD STUDENTS

Computer Science
Department Chair: Siegfried Treu
Main Office: 322 Alumni Hall
(412) 624-8493 (phone) (412) 624-8854 (fax)
http://www.cs.pitt.edu/


PRIMARY FACULTY: Professors: BUCHANAN (University Professor; Director, W.M. Keck Center; Co-Director, CPDIS), CHANG (Co-Director, CPDIS) DALEY, SOFFA (Dean of Graduate Studies), TREU (Chair; Co-Director, CPDIS); Associate Professors: BERZTISS, CHIARULLI, CHUANG, GUPTA, KALYANASUNDARAM, MELHEM, POLLACK, PRUHS, VANLEHN, ZNATI; Assistant Professors: CHRYSANTHIS, MOORE, MOSSE´, PITASSI, PLANTINGA; Senior Lecturers: DOUD, NOVACKY (Assistant Chair); Lecturers: MCCARTHY, RAMIREZ


AFFILIATED FACULTY: (Adjunct faculty and those with primary appointments in other areas) Professor: LI (Engineering); Associate Professor: LEVITAN (Engineering); Assistant Professor: COOPER (Medicine), SMALL (Medicine)


EMERITUS FACULTY: Professor: DWYER

Computer science is an academic discipline that evolved in response to the need to understand the nature, effective use, and potential applications of digital computers. As more and more computers began to appear, a basic core of knowledge about their nature developed and certain problems became apparent. Computer science departments are concerned with disseminating the material in this basic core and attempting to solve some of the problems (and hence add to the basic core).

The principal concern of the computer science specialist is the development of techniques that can ultimately be incorporated into a computing system to make it more effective or efficient, or to make it available and helpful to a larger class of users. This concern leads to the study of such things as ways of representing information, algorithms for manipulating information, programming languages in which to express algorithms, operating systems that monitor the flow of information in a computing system, mathematical theories that give theoretical limits on the capabilities of computing systems, and ways to extend the domain of applicability of computing systems. The department offers programs of graduate study leading to the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in one of several graduate degree programs:


Traditional MS Program, with thesis or non-thesis options
MS Track in Software Engineering
MS Track in Artificial Intelligence
Doctor of Philosophy Program

Also, a dual master's degree program in Computer Science and Mathematics is available.

Admission to Graduate Study
To be considered for admission to graduate study, a student must have received a bachelor's degree with at least a B average from an accredited college or university. Those who have been working professionally in the computer field may be given special consideration. However, the professional computer scientist must be knowledgeable in a number of areas besides programming. Thus, the applicant whose enthusiasm for programming has led to the acquisition of considerable programming skill at the expense of satisfactory academic achievement is generally not regarded favorably. Students are required to submit general GRE scores. For foreign students, the TOEFL score is also required.

Prerequisites for Graduate Study
To be admitted to full graduate status, an applicant should minimally have completed the following courses or their equivalents:


A. In Computer Science (a total of at least six courses):


1. All of the following core courses:
(a) Discrete structures (CS 0441)
(b) Information or data structures, using a programming language like C++ or Pascal (CS 0445)
(c) Computer organization and assembly language (CS 0447)

2. One in each of the following advanced course categories:
(a) Theory of computer science (CS 1510 or CS 1511)
(b) Programming languages design (CS 1520 or CS 1621)
(c) Systems software (CS 1550 or CS 1651)


B. In Mathematics (a total of at least five courses):
1. Three calculus courses (Math 0220, 0230, 0240)
2. One course in linear algebra (preferably Math 1180, or Math 0280)
3. One course in probability and statistics that explicitly requires calculus as a prerequisite (Stat 1151 or 1161)


Part-time graduate students are welcome, but the department cannot guarantee that a degree can be earned solely through attendance in late afternoons and evenings.

Common Requirements
For all MS options, the following restrictions must be observed: (a) A total of up to six credits of course work may be counted toward the degree from the following sources combined: 1000-level computer science courses taken at Pitt, graduate-level courses taken from other departments (with prior approval), and graduate-level courses transferred upon entry from other schools (with Department approval). (b) All courses must be taken with the letter-grade option with the exception of CS 2900, 2902, and 2990. (c) CS 2900 (Graduate Internship), CS 2990 (Independent Study), and CS 3902 (Directed Study) may not count toward the course requirements block nor satisfy the additional three credits required in the MS project option. (d) A grade point average of B or better must be maintained.

Students should refer to the most current departmental documentation for further details and for any changes to these requirements and guidelines.

The Traditional Program for the Master of Science Degree
The program has been designed to attract students with a broad spectrum of interests who may have specialized in any of a wide variety of disciplines as undergraduates.

The requirements for the traditional Master of Science degree in computer science are:

Completion of the following:
1. Four core courses: CS 2111 or CS 2151, CS 2211, CS 2511, CS 2541
2. Four additional courses
3. Either
(a) A six-credit (minimum) MS thesis, or
(b) A three-credit MS project (CS 2902), and one additional course

Thesis/Project Requirements (This satisfies the FAS Comprehensive requirement):
1. For the thesis option, a written thesis is required, with a final oral examination on the work.
2. For the non-thesis option, the course CS 2902 (Master's Project) should be taken in the student's final term in the master's program.

The Master of Science Track in Software Engineering
This program is project-oriented, emphasizes a methodological approach to software development, and provides a more focused education than the traditional Master of Science in computer science. Graduates of this program will not only develop valuable professional skills, but also acquire knowledge and understanding of the fundamental principles of software engineering. Applicants should meet the minimum requirements for admission to the department's traditional program for an MS in computer science, although those with professional experience in the computer field may be given special consideration.

With the help of a faculty adviser, each student formulates an individualized program of at least 33 credits. There is no thesis requirement. Students desiring to continue to the PhD program must ensure they complete the courses required for the preliminary examination.

The requirements for the Master of Science track in software engineering are as follows:


1. At least one of CS 2111 or CS 2151.
2. Two of CS 2211, CS 2511, CS 2541. In case only two of the three courses are completed, an appropriate undergraduate course in the third area must have been completed before or after admission to the program (CS 1520 in place of CS 2211, CS 1651 in place of CS 2511, CS 1657 in place of CS 2541). This course is not to count in Part 5 below.
3. Three courses in software engineering: CS 2311, CS 2312, and CS 2810.
4. Two of CS 2360, CS 2550, CS 2610, CS 2711.
5. One additional course with graduate credit.
6. A group project (CS 2902) in software engineering, with at least three credits.

The Master of Science Track in Artificial Intelligence (AI)
The computer science master's track in artificial intelligence emphasizes expert systems and knowledge engineering. It is intended to be a terminal MS degree program for persons who will be designing and building expert systems and related tools. Projects will provide practical experience in the construction of expert systems and may involve collaboration with industrial laboratories.

Persons interested in the AI track must apply to and be admitted into the Computer Science Department. Preference will be given to those with strong undergraduate training in computer science or with industrial computing experience, and to those whose career plans include expert systems or other applications of artificial intelligence.

Students will normally complete the MS track in two years, with the programming project in the second year. Course work emphasizes AI and related topics and draws on the broad AI experience of the faculty associated with the Intelligent Systems Program. The requirements for this MS track are at least 33 credits, including:


1. Three of CS 2711, CS 2712, CS 2720, CS 2730, CS 3720.
2. Three of CS 2111, CS 2151, CS 2211, CS 2511, CS 2541.
3. Three other relevant graduate-level courses with written approval of adviser. Examples include: CS 2360, CS 2550, CS 2560, CS 2741, CS 2810, CS 3160, CS 3570, and CS 3750.
4. AI Programming Project (one term of CS 2902).

The Program for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree
The program has been designed with both structure and flexibility in mind. The structure assures the quality of the program and establishes check points which serve to inform the student of his or her progress. The flexibility of the program is necessary to accommodate individual student differences and aspirations. The program consists of three basic parts: the course-requirement block as specified below, an individually tailored block of student-elected courses and seminars, and a research block. The specific degree requirements are as follows:


1. The course-requirement block consists of a minimum of 13 graduate (2000- or 3000-level) courses distributed as follows: (a) CS 2111, CS 2151, CS 2211, CS 2511, CS 2541; (b) one of the following: CS 2112, CS 2152, CS 2212, CS 2512, CS 2542; (c) four graduate-level computer science courses or seminars not listed in (a) or (b); (d) three additional graduate-level courses.

NOTE: No 1000-level courses may be applied to (c) or (d). Any courses offered by other departments must be approved in advance by the Graduate Programs Committee in order to be applied to (d). All courses must be taken for a letter grade; a grade of C or better must be received for each course; and an overall average of at least B is required.

2. The student must pass preliminary examinations. Their purpose is to determine that a student in the PhD program has the breadth of knowledge in computer science to undertake independent research in that field. The student is expected to:

(a) take at least one core-area exam per year starting in the third term of full-status registration;
(b) pass four out of the five core exams (Theory of Computation, Design and Analysis of Algorithms, Programming Languages, Computer Operating Systems, and Computer Architecture);

(c) pass four non-core computer science graduate-level courses with a grade of B or better (Note: satisfying this requirement completes the course requirement 1(c) above);

(d) complete all of the above requirements within three years after full-status registration.

3. After completing most of the additional courses and seminars composing the remainder of the program and after selecting a dissertation topic, the student must pass a combined comprehensive/proposal examination. The purpose of the comprehensive part of the examination is to determine that a student has sufficient depth of knowledge in a specialized area of computer science to undertake dissertation research on a topic in that area. The purpose of the dissertation proposal presentation and examination is for the student's faculty committee to (a) judge the dissertation topic and the student's preparedness for it, and (b) give substantive feedback to the student on the topic and the methods of research to be used. Normally, the comprehensive exam should be completed within one to two years of passing the preliminary exams.

4. The student is required to spend at least two successive terms in full-time graduate study during the degree program. This residency requirement must be satisfied by the end of the term in which the comprehensive examination is taken.

5. The research block requires that the student write a dissertation describing an original investigation in his or her area of specialization. An oral defense of the dissertation is also required.

Research
The faculty members' research areas encompass a broad range of computer science specialties in four general areas and include a wide variety of applications. Faculty research interests include:

(1) Algorithms and theoretical foundations: automatic theorem proving, computational complexity, design and analysis of algorithms, distributed algorithms, on line algorithms, theory of learning algorithms, probabilistic algorithms, and computational geometry; (2) Parallel and distributed systems: computer architectures, computer networks, database systems, distributed systems, fault tolerance, fine-grained systems, image processing, modeling and simulation, operating systems, optical computing, parallel computation, parallelizing compilers, performance evaluation, real-time systems, scientific computation, VLSI CAD, and VLSI processor arrays; (3) Software systems and interfaces: design of programming languages, software development environments, software engineering techniques, specification and verification, debugging and testing, user interface software technology, computer graphics techniques, multi-media interfaces, and visual languages; (4) Artificial intelligence: cognitive modeling of learning, computational biology, expert systems, explanation, intelligent tutoring systems, machine learning, natural language processing, and planning.

Research Facilities
Students and faculty in the Department of Computer Science access computing facilities in a distributed network environment. The departmental network links nearly 300 systems, workstations, and other devices and supports a wide variety of architectures and platforms. Multiple servers provide file, computer, software, and print facilities. Optical fiber-based Ethernet links connect the department to the campus backbone, PITTNET, which is based on dual 100 Mbps FDDI rings. PITTNET provides such Ethernet links to all University facilities and also to the Pittsburgh Supercomputer Center. Systems housed at the PSC include a Cray C90 and a Cray T3D. PREPNET, a statewide optical fiber network, links major universities in Pennsylvania and is the gateway to the worldwide Internet.

Courses
1501 Data Structures and Algorithms 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 0441, CS 0445, CS 0447, and Math 0220

1510 Design and Analysis of Algorithms 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1501

1511 Introduction to the Theory of Computation 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 0441 and CS 0445

1515 Scientific Computation 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 0445, Math 0230, and either Math 0280 or Math 1180

1520 Programming Languages 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 0445

1535 Software Design Methodology 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 0441 and CS 0445

1536 Software Engineering 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1535

1542 Introduction to Simulation 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 0447 and one statistics course

1550 Introduction to Operating Systems 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 0445 and CS 0447

1557 Introduction to Computer Architecture 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 0445 and CS 0447

1565 Data Base Management Systems 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 0441 and CS 0445

1566 Introduction to Computer Graphics 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 0445, CS 0447, and Math 0280 or Math 1180

1581 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 0445 or consent of instructor

1583 Artificial Intelligence Programming 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1581 or consent of instructor

1590 Social Implications of Computing Technology 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 0445 or consent of instructor

1621 Structure of Programming Languages 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 0447 and CS 1520

1622 Introduction to Compiler Design 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 0441, CS 0447 and CS 1520

1651 Advanced Systems Software 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1550

1652 Data Communication and Computer Networks 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 1550

1659 Introduction to High Performance Computing 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1557

1900 Internship var. cr.

1902 Directed Study var.cr.

1910 Scientific Computer Programming for Graduate Students 3 cr.
Prerequisites: Math 22 and graduate status. (Students in Computer Science
may not take this course for graduate credit.)

1920 Computer Programming for Graduate Students 3 cr.
Prerequisite: graduate status. (Students in Computer Science
may not take this course for graduate credit.)

2000 Master's Thesis var.cr.

2040 Computer Science Concepts for Scientific Computing 3 cr.
Prerequisite: Admission to Certificate Program in Scientific
Computing. (Students in Computer Science may not take this course
for graduate credit.)

2111 Theory of Computation I 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1511 or consent of instructor

2112 Theory of Computation II 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 2111 or consent of instructor

2151 Design and Analysis of Algorithms I 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1510 or consent of instructor

2152 Design and Analysis of Algorithms II 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 2151 or consent of instructor

2170 Fault Tolerance and Coding Theory 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1510 or CS 1511 or consent of instructor

2211 Compiler Design 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1621 or consent of instructor

2212 Advanced Compiler Techniques 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 2211 or consent of instructor

2230 Compiling Techniques For Parallel Systems 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS2212 or consent of instructor

2311 Software Engineering: Specification and Design 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1501 or consent of instructor

2312 Software Engineering: Implementation and Testing 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 2311 or consent of instructor

2360 Modeling and Simulation 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 1520 and Stat 1152, or consent of instructor

2511 Advanced Computer Operating Systems I 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1651 or consent of instructor

2512 Advanced Computer Operating Systems II 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 2511 or consent of instructor

2520 Computer Networks 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1651

2541 Computer Architecture 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1657

2542 Advanced Computer Architecture 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 2541 or consent of instructor

2550 Principles of Database Systems 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1565 or consent of instructor

2555 Transaction-Oriented Computing 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 2550 and CS 2511

2560 Interactive Computer Graphics 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1651

2561 Visual Languages and Programming 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS1520 and CS1651

2580 Parallel Computing 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 2541 or senior-level courses in architecture and algorithms

2590 Principles of Distributed Systems 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 2511

2610 Interface Design and Evaluation 3 cr.
Prerequisite: At least two 2000-level core courses in CS

2711 Foundations of Artificial Intelligence 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1583

2712 Knowledge Representation 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1583 or CS 2711

2720 Introduction to Natural Language Processing 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS1583 and CS 2711

2730 Planning, Problem Solving, and Search 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 2711 or consent of instructor

2741 Theory of Learning Algorithms I 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1511 or CS 2111 or consent of instructor

2742 Theory of Learning Algorithms II 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 2741

2790 Pattern Recognition 3 cr.
Prerequisite: consent of instructor

2810 Information Processing Systems 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 1510 or CS 1565 or consent of instructor

2900 Graduate Internship 1 cr.

2902 Master's Directed Project 3 cr.

2990 Independent Study var.cr.

3000 Research and Dissertation for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree var.cr.

3110 Seminar: Parallel and VLSI Computation 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 2151 or consent of instructor

3120 Seminar: On-Line Algorithms 3 cr.
Prerequisite: consent of instructor

3210 Seminar: Compiler for Parallel Computing 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 2212 or consent of instructor

3220 Seminar: Fine-Grained Parallelism 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 2541 or CS 2211 or consent of instructor

3310 Seminar: Advanced Topics in Software Engineering 3 cr.
Prerequisite: consent of instructor

3371 Seminar: Advanced Topics in AI 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1583 or CS 2711 or CS 2712 or consent of instructor

3520 Seminar: Large Scale Multimedia Networks 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 1651 and CS 2520 or consent of instructor

3541 Seminar: Advanced Topics in Computer Architecture 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 2541 or CS 2542 or consent of instructor

3550 Seminar: Advances in Management of Data 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 2550 and CS 2511 or consent of instructor

3560 Seminar: Visual Languages and Visual Programming 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 1520 and CS 1651 or consent of instructor

3561 Seminar: Advanced Topics in Computer Graphics 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 2560 or consent of instructor

3570 Seminar: Advanced Topics in User Interface Design 3 cr.
Prerequisite: consent of instructor

3580 Seminar: Advanced Topics in Parallel Computing 3 cr.
Prerequisite: consent of instructor

3590 Seminar: Digital Optical Computing 3 cr.
Prerequisite: consent of instructor

3720 Seminar: Advanced Topics in Expert Systems 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1583 or consent of instructor

3730 Seminar: Natural Language Generation 3 cr.
Prerequisites: CS 1583 and CS 2711 or consent of instructor

3741 Seminar: Topics in Knowledge Engineering 1 cr.
Prerequisite: consent of instructor

3750 Seminar: Resource-Limited Reasoning 3 cr.
Prerequisite: CS 1583 and CS 2711 or CS 2730 or consent of instructor

3902 Directed Study var.cr.

Crystallography
Department Chair: Bryan Craven
Main Office: 304 Thaw Hall
(412) 624-9300 (phone) (412) 624-1882 (fax)
http://www.pitt.edu/~fasgrad/cryst.htm

PRIMARY FACULTY: Professors: CRAVEN (Chair); Research Assistant Professors: ROSE, WINGERT

AFFILIATED FACULTY: (Adjunct faculty and those with primary appointments in other areas) Professors: ARORA (Adjunct, Virginia Commonwealth University), BERMAN (Adjunct, Rutgers), FUREY (Adjunct, VA Medical Center) JOHN ROSENBERG (Biological Sciences), SABINE (Adjunct, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization), SAX (Adjunct, VA Medical Center), STEWART (Adjunct, Carnegie Mellon), WANG (Adjunct, University of Georgia); Associate Professor: CARTER (Adjunct, Marshall Space Flight Center); Research Assistant Professors: ABOLA (Adjunct); SWAMINATHAN (Adjunct, VA Medical Center)

EMERITUS FACULTY: JEFFREY (University Professor); SHIONO (Associate Professor)

Note: This department is no longer accepting applications for graduate study.

The Department of Crystallography provides an interdisciplinary environment wherein a graduate student can attain competence in experimental crystallography, an understanding of the significance of crystal structure in one of the major disciplines, and an awareness of the contributions of crystallography to other areas of science, including chemistry, molecular biology, and earth and materials science. The general objectives of the research are the development and use of the methods of X-ray and neutron diffraction for the study of atomic and electronic structure of crystalline materials.

The departmental graduate program benefits from close affiliation with crystallographic laboratories in Biological Sciences, Chemistry, the nearby Veterans Administration Medical Center, the Chemistry Department at Carnegie Mellon, and the Marshall Space Flight Center at Huntsville, Alabama. Among macromolecular structures being studied are globins, toxins (cardiotoxin, staphylococcal enteroxin), immunoglobulins, and pyruvate decarboxylase. Research areas involving smaller molecules include the crystalline and liquid crystalline phases of lipids and carbohydrates; theoretical calculations of molecular and crystal structures; studies of the charge density, electrostatic potential and other electrostatic properties of molecules in crystals; studies of thermal vibrations in crystals; and studies of X-ray and neutron extinction.

Facilities
The principal experimental instruments are three single-crystal diffractometers, two of which are coupled to rotating anodes, a Siemens multiwire area detector, and a Rigaku Raxis IIc imaging plate area detector, each coupled to a rotating anode. Crystallographic computations are carried out on a variety of networked computer platforms including a microVax II, a VaxStation 4000, and Silicon Graphics 4D25, 4D35 and Indigo computer graphics workstations. The department also has network access to the Cray C90 and a Connection Machine CM-2 at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center. Neutron diffraction studies are carried out in collaboration with the Chemistry Department at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and at the pulsed neutron facilities at Argonne and Los Alamos National Laboratories. X-ray studies are also carried out using synchrotron radiation at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Admission
Applicants must be graduates of an accredited college or university with an undergraduate major in chemistry, geology, physics, biochemistry, or one of the other biological sciences.

Degree Requirements
All candidates for the MS degree must complete three of the four departmental core courses, plus one appropriate core course in one of the following departments: Chemistry, Geology and Planetary Science, Physics, or Biological Sciences. Candidates for the PhD degree must complete at least one additional core course in the same department. Additional courses may be required in accord with the program of each student.

Examinations
The preliminary examination for the PhD and MS degrees consists of an interview with a committee of three departmental faculty members. The committee members will determine whether the student has performed satisfactorily in the required courses and will seek areas in which he or she may be weak and in need of further study. The committee will also discuss with the student his or her research motivation and objectives and determine whether the student may be expected to complete a doctoral program with success. The comprehensive examination consists of two parts. The first part is a series of oral or written examinations in the theory and methods of crystallography. The student is required to begin these about a year after passing the preliminary examination. The second part (not required for the MS) is the presentation in seminar form of an original research topic of crystallographic interest (other than that of the student's major thesis research).

Thesis
Research and a thesis are required for both the MS and PhD degrees. For the PhD, it is normally required that a manuscript based on a part or the whole of the thesis shall be accepted for publication in a national or international journal prior to the defense of the thesis.

Further details on departmental requirements are contained in "PhD and MS Requirements in the Department of Crystallography," available on request from the departmental office. (See General Degree Regulations for school requirements.)

Graduate Courses
2000 RESEARCH AND THESIS MS DEGREE var. cr.

2281 CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND X-RAY DIFFRACTION (fall term, Craven, Wingert) 3 cr.
Covers basic principles in experimental diffraction methods and determination of simple crystal structures.

2282 DIFFRACTION PHYSICS (fall term, Craven) 3 cr.
Production and properties of X-rays, neutrons, and electrons for diffraction; crystal diffraction; atomic thermal vibrations in crystals.

2283 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE DETERMINATION (spring term, Craven) 3 cr.
Emphasizes the application of single crystal X-ray diffraction methods for determination of three-dimensional atomic and molecular structure.

2284 PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (spring term, Craven, Furey) 3 cr.
Methods for the determination of three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules.

2990 INDEPENDENT STUDY var. cr.

3000 RESEARCH AND DISSERTATION PhD DEGREE var. cr.




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