Primary Faculty: Professors ANDREWS (Chair), DOHERTY, DRESCHER (University Professor), KARSTEN, KEARNEY (Carroll J. Amundson Professor of British History), MULLER (Director, Urban Studies), E. RAWSKI (University Professor; Director of Graduate Studies), RINGER (Andrew Mellon Professor), SIMS, SMETHURST, STRANAHAN (Director, Asian Studies); Associate Professors BAKER, CHASE, GALPERN, GLASCO, GREENBERG, GREENWALD, HALL, JANNETTA, KARAPINKA, LIVEZEANU, OESTREICHER, REDIKER, TROESKEN, WHITE; Assistant Professors HURD, JIMENEZ, VENARDE; Senior Lecturer MARTIN

Affiliated Faculty (Adjunct faculty and those with primary appointments in other areas): Professors ADJAYE (Africana Studies), BENEDEK (Adjunct, Medicine), BLEE (Sociology; Director, Women’s Studies), GOLDSTEIN (University Professor Emeritus, Religious Studies), JONES (Classics), MARKOFF (Sociology), McGUIRE (History and Philosophy of Science), T. RAWSKI (Economics), RUSINOW (Adjunct, University Center for International Studies), VARDY (Adjunct), WEISBERGER (Adjunct); Associate Professors KANE (Religious Studies), LANGER (Adjunct), McCOLLOCH (Adjunct), ORBACH (Religious Studies); Assistant Professor ERLEN (Adjunct, Falk Library)

Emeritus Faculty: Professors HAYS (Distinguished Service Professor), HSU (University Professor; Weilun Professor, University of Hong Kong), KEHL, PERLMAN (University Professor), RUBIN, STANTON

The primary purpose of the department's graduate program is to provide training in historical research and teaching to students who wish to find careers in colleges, universities, and other settings where the skills of the historian might be used. To advance this purpose, the department encourages a climate of intellectual inquiry and active research that embraces graduate students and faculty members alike. The hallmark of the program is the high measure of independence and flexibility it allows students in shaping a curriculum that meets their needs, within the limits of faculty expertise and available resources. These resources include the Archives of Industrial Society and the United Electrical Workers Archives, as well as the Pittsburgh Center for Social History. With historians specializing in four major areas of the world: Europe (including Russia and Eastern Europe); the United States; East Asia; and Latin America, the department offers comparative and crosscultural courses focusing on the Atlantic world and the history of capitalism. Current course offerings and the requirements for degrees appear later in this section. Since these do change, persons interested in the graduate program are urged to request updated materials and a copy of the department's Graduate Rules and Regulations by writing: Graduate Secretary; Department of History; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA 15260. The Graduate Secretary will also provide information about admission requirements.

The minimal requirements for the degrees established by the Graduate Faculty of the University and by FAS Graduate Studies, as described elsewhere in this bulletin, should be read in conjunction with the specific departmental requirements for these degrees in the following sections.

Students specializing in East Asian, Latin American, Russian/East European, and Western European history are also eligible to apply for other fellowships through the University Center for International Studies (UCIS), 4G01 Forbes Quad, University of Pittsburgh. Application forms and information concerning these awards should be obtained from the appropriate area program office in UCIS and submitted at the same time the student applies to the Department of History for admission.

Each student must present two papers, which are kept as part of his/her permanent record and are considered equivalent to a master's thesis. One must be a research paper; the other may be either a reading paper or a second research paper. A research paper, normally developed in a research seminar, involves a major original research project employing primary sources, and is presented to the seminar for evaluation and criticism. A reading paper, normally developed in a reading seminar, involves the analysis of a range of secondary literature on a given topic or problem. Where no suitable seminar is offered, the student may develop one of the two papers–either reading or research–as an individual project under the guidance of a faculty member (HIST 2902), but the other should be undertaken in seminar. The two papers must be done for two different instructors, and students are urged to choose two topics separated from each other in time or geography.

Proficiency in one research tool is required for the master's degree. This requirement is met by demonstrating reading knowledge of a foreign language or competence in quantitative techniques. The student must, in consultation with his/her advisor, select the research tool most useful to the student's specialization. Students are urged to complete language preparation before entering graduate school, not only to lighten their work load, but also because some seminars require the use of a foreign language.

At the end of his/her program, the candidate must take an oral examination covering the work completed and emphasizing particularly the interrelationships among courses and seminars. This examination, together with the course and seminar work itself, will serve as a basis for granting the Master of Arts degree and admission into the doctoral program.

Proficiency in two research tools is required for the doctorate, either two languages or one language and quantitative techniques. The requirement is met by demonstrating reading knowledge of the foreign language(s), and/or competence in quantitative techniques. The student must, in consultation with his/her advisor, select the two research tools most useful to the student's specialization. The first tool requirement is fulfilled before the MA, and the second must be completed before the student undertakes his/her comprehensive examinations. Students entering with the MA will present their first tool upon admission or during the first year of residence, and their second before the comprehensive examination.

Doctoral study is both formal and informal. All students will be required to attend and participate in one reading seminar during each one of three terms after being admitted to the PhD program. In addition, students will take directed independent study under various instructors. This work may involve auditing lectures, independent reading, informal tutoring, and other types of study. The student who enters with an MA from another institution will be required to take a research seminar before embarking on independent study and an oral PhD preliminary examination. The PhD comprehensive consists of oral examinations in four fields and should be taken when the student is ready, normally during the fourth term of work beyond the MA. At the discretion of the student's committee, written examinations covering one or more fields may be required in addition to the oral examinations. Students who fail the comprehensive examination have the right, after conferring with the committee, to retake all or part of the examination. The new examination may be written if the student desires.

The comprehensive examination is divided into four fields:

1. The five general areas of Modern Europe, the United States, East Asia, Latin America, and Russia and Eastern Europe.
   
   
2. The specialized field within one of the general fields. This field is usually closely related to the student's dissertation topic.
   
   
3. The topical field which is inherently comparative and which focuses on some aspect of history in more than one geographical and/or cultural context. Two members of the student's comprehensive committee serve as examiners in this field.
   
   
4. The related field is from outside the Department of History.