Departmental Degree Programs

[ Table of Contents | E-mail | Graduate Arts and Sciences Home | Bulletins Homepage | Next Section ]

Hispanic Languages and Literatures
Department Chair: Gerald Martin
Main Office: 1309 Cathedral of Learning
(412) 624-5225 (phone) (412) 624-8505 (fax)
http://www.pitt.edu/~fasgrad/hispanic.html

PRIMARY FACULTY: Professors: BACARISSE, BEVERLEY, MARTIN (Andrew Mellon Professor and Chair), McDUFFIE, MORANA; Associate Professors: BERK-SELIGSON (Director of Graduate Studies), CHAMBERLAIN, FREY, STIEHM; Assistant Professor: RABELL

EMERITUS FACULTY: Professors: MATAS, VAZQUEZ

Admission to Graduate Status
The department offers programs leading to the MA and PhD degrees in Hispanic Languages and Literatures. In general, students accepted into the graduate program in Hispanic languages must meet the following criteria:

1. They should have completed an undergraduate major (or the equivalent) in the language and literature they propose to study at the graduate level.

2. They should be able to enroll in courses that are taught entirely in the Spanish and/or Portuguese languages. This presupposes a high level of skill in understanding, speaking, reading, and writing in their major language.

Master's Programs

A. The department offers a common Master of Arts program in Hispanic studies, allowing a focus on:

1. Peninsular culture and literature
2. Latin American culture and literature
3. Hispanic linguistics
4. Methodology and applied linguistics

B. The requirements of the Master of Arts in Hispanic Studies are as follows:

1. On entrance into the department, the student is initially advised by the Director of Graduate Studies. After the first term, the student may request as faculty adviser a member of the Graduate Faculty with whom he or she wishes to work toward completion of the graduate degree, who may then serve as that student's adviser. Students are urged to maintain a close and continuing contact with their advisers and, at the same time, should familiarize themselves with the appropriate advising sheets and policy statements of the department available in the departmental office.

2. The MA degree requires a minimum of 30 credits. The courses representing these 30 credits will be chosen by the student in consultation with his or her adviser. The guiding principle will be that of insuring that the student achieves a general background in Hispanic literature, culture, and linguistics, while allowing the student to some degree to focus on areas of his or her special interests or needs. A maximum of two 1000-level, one Independent and one Directed Study courses may be taken toward the MA degree, except for students majoring in Latin American culture and literature, who may take two 1000-level courses in Portuguese beyond this maximum.

3. Specific degree requirements, in addition to the minimum of 30 credits, are as follows:

(a) Completion of a long paper in the department.

(b) A master's comprehensive examination based on a major field and a minor field, to be designated by the candidate from one of the previously mentioned four areas of focus. MA students must take at least four courses in one of the four areas offered; this will constitute their major field for the MA. They must take at least two courses in another of the areas, which will constitute their minor field.

(c) Successful completion of at least one graduate course in literature and one graduate course in linguistics.

4. Teaching assistants and teaching fellows new to the department may be advised to take appropriate courses in methodology and language learning to assist them in teaching.

5. All students receiving financial assistance from the department (teaching assistants, teaching fellows) are permitted to take a maximum of two courses outside of the department during the fall and spring terms.

6. There is no foreign language requirement for the MA degree. However, all students majoring in Latin American culture and literature are strongly advised to study Portuguese.

7. See the Graduate Student Handbook, available from the departmental office, 1309 Cathedral of Learning, for more details.

C. MA Program in Spanish (with Certification for Teaching in Pennsylvania):

As this is a joint package, students choosing this program must fulfill the entrance requirements and be admitted to the School of Education, the Department of Hispanic Languages and Literatures, and FAS. Students will take a minimum of 24 credits in the Department of Hispanic Languages and Literatures, plus specific courses indicated by the School of Education. The program is not open to students who already hold certification.

Any student who has previously taken some or all of these courses will be required to take other courses designated by the School of Education so that the total number of credits earned in the program never falls below the minimum 48.

Students should consult the departmental adviser in drawing up their program and in preparing for the MA examination.

Every student in the program must hold a teaching assistantship for a minimum of two terms. Beyond this minimum, the department regulations concerning teaching assistantships will be observed.

The Doctoral Program
The PhD program in the Department of Hispanic Languages and Literatures is available in Peninsular culture and literature, Latin American culture and literature, Hispanic linguistics, or Methodology and applied linguistics, and, at the discretion of the major adviser, candidates majoring in Spanish or Latin American literature may take a certain amount of course work in French, German, or Italian languages or literatures. The following special requirements must be met by all departmental aspirants to candidacy:

(a) Each student must take a preliminary examination before he or she can officially become a doctoral candidate. Details about this examination may be found in the publication Graduate Student Handbook, which is available from the departmental adviser or from the departmental office, 1309 Cathedral of Learning.

(b) Successful completion of at least one graduate course in literature and one graduate course in linguistics.

(c) After completing 60 credits of course work and passing the foreign language requirements described in the next section and the comprehensive examinations as described in the departmental Graduate Student Handbook, each student will devote the final stage of his or her program to the preparation of a dissertation as prescribed by the Office of Graduate Studies, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. (See Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in this bulletin.)

Certification Programs: Candidates for the MA and the PhD may also earn certification in Latin American Studies and Cultural Studies. See the Department's Graduate Student Handbook for further details.

Language Requirements
For the MA degree, no foreign language other than Spanish is required. However, Latin American culture and literature majors are strongly urged to study Portuguese. Native speakers of Spanish must pass a speaking examination in English. All students are strongly advised to study a second language; Portuguese is particularly recommended.

Candidates for the PhD degree must give evidence of their ability to read one language other than their major language.

Courses Carrying Graduate Credit
Courses numbered in the 1000s are advanced undergraduate courses but may be taken by graduate students with the permission of the graduate adviser. Graduate courses numbered 2000 and higher vary greatly from term to term. The following courses are usually offered in rotation over a period of two or three years. Students should consult the Schedule of Classes and the FAS Course Descriptions published prior to the term in which they are registering. All courses are three credits unless otherwise indicated.

Courses
2000 MA THESIS RESEARCH
2190 LITERARY TRANSLATION
2192 TOPICS IN TRANSLATION
2195 PROFESSIONAL TRANSLATION I
2196 PROFESSIONAL TRANSLATION II
2200 INTRODUCTION TO CULTURAL ANALYSIS
2210 CONTEMPORARY HISPANIC CULTURE
2224 SPECIAL TOPICS IN CULTURAL ANALYSIS
2225 SEMINAR: SPECIAL TOPICS CULTURAL ANALYSIS
2226 READINGS IN CRITICAL THEORY
2301 ADVANCED GRAMMAR
2302 HISTORY OF THE LANGUAGE
2303 STRUCTURE OF MODERN SPANISH
2304 DIALECTOLOGY
2305 MORPHOLOGY
2306 SPANISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS
2307 METHODS OF TEACHING SPANISH
2308 SYNTAX
2309 PHONOLOGY
2310 SEMANTICS
2311 HISPANIC SOCIOLINGUISTICS
2312 PRAGMATICS
2313 COMPUTERIZED LINGUISTIC STUDIES
2314 SPECIAL TOPICS IN LINGUISTICS
2315 SEMINAR: LINGUISTICS AND METHODOLOGY
2316 THEORY AND PRACTICUM: FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING
2317 SPANISH SOCIOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH FIELD METHODS
2393 COMPARATIVE ROMANCE LINGUISTICS I
2394 COMPARATIVE ROMANCE LINGUISTICS II
2400 PRE-COLUMBIAN LITERATURE AND CULTURE
2404 PRE-COLUMBIAN TOPICS
2405 SEMINAR: PRE-COLUMBIAN LITERATURE
2410 DISCOVERY AND CONQUEST
2414 DISCOVERY AND CONQUEST TOPICS
2415 SEMINAR: DISCOVERY AND CONQUEST
2421 COLONIAL LITERATURE
2422 COLONIAL TOPICS
2423 SEMINAR: COLONIAL LITERATURE
2425 FORMATION OF NATIONAL LITERATURES
2426 LATIN AMERICAN ROMANTICISM
2427 GAUCHESQUE LITERATURE
2428 LATIN AMERICAN 19TH-CENTURY TOPICS
2429 SEMINAR: LATIN AMERICAN 19TH-CENTURY TOPICS
2430 MODERNISM
2434 MODERNISM: TOPICS
2435 SEMINAR: MODERNISM
2440 VANGUARD
2444 VANGUARD TOPICS
2445 SEMINAR: VANGUARD
2450 CONTEMPORARY LATIN AMERICAN NARRATIVE
2452 CONTEMPORARY LATIN AMERICAN FILM
2460 LATIN AMERICAN DRAMA
2461 LATIN AMERICAN NOVEL
2462 LATIN AMERICAN POETRY
2463 LATIN AMERICAN SHORT STORY
2464 LATIN AMERICAN 20TH-CENTURY TOPICS
2465 SEMINAR: 20TH-CENTURY TOPICS
2469 LATIN AMERICAN ESSAY
2570 CONTEMPORARY HISPANIC LITERATURE
2580 CONTEMPORARY HISPANIC FILM
2600 MEDIEVAL
2602 MEDIEVAL SPANISH TOPICS
2603 SEMINAR: MEDIEVAL PERIOD
2610 RENAISSANCE
2611 SPANISH LITERATURE OF 16TH-CENTURY DRAMA
2612 SPANISH LITERATURE OF 16TH-CENTURY LITERARY PROSE
2614 RENAISSANCE TOPICS
2615 SEMINAR: RENAISSANCE TOPICS
2616 NOVEL BEFORE CERVANTES
2620 GOLDEN AGE AND BAROQUE
2621 SPANISH LITERATURE OF GOLDEN AGE DRAMA
2622 SPANISH LITERATURE OF GOLDEN AGE PROSE
2623 DON QUIJOTE
2624 GOLDEN AGE TOPICS
2625 SEMINAR: GOLDEN AGE
2634 BAROQUE TOPICS
2635 SEMINAR: BAROQUE
2640 ENLIGHTENMENT
2644 ENLIGHTENMENT TOPICS
2645 SEMINAR: ENLIGHTENMENT
2656 ROMANTICISM
2657 19TH-CENTURY TOPICS
2658 SEMINAR: 19TH CENTURY
2660 REALIST AND NATURALIST NARRATIVE
2670 GENERATION OF 98
2680 GENERATION OF 27
2690 CONTEMPORARY PENINSULAR LITERATURE
2691 CONTEMPORARY PENINSULAR FILM
2694 20TH-CENTURY PENINSULAR TOPICS
2695 SEMINAR: 20TH CENTURY
2700 LITERARY CRITICISM
2701 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RESEARCH METHODS
2704 SPECIAL TOPICS IN LITERARY CRITICISM
2705 SEMINAR: LITERARY CRITICISM
2706 ANALYSIS OF HISPANIC LITERARY TEXTS
2707 LATIN AMERICAN LITERARY CRITICISM
2710 SOCIOCRITICISM
2711 SOCIOCRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TEXTS
2714 SPECIAL TOPICS IN SOCIOCRITICISM
2715 SEMINAR: SOCIOCRITICISM
2902 MA DIRECTED STUDY
2970 PROFESSIONAL TRANSLATION INTERNSHIP
2990 MA COMPREHENSIVE INDEPENDENT
3000 PhD DISSERTATION
3902 PhD DIRECTED STUDY
3910 PhD COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION
3990 PhD INDEPENDENT STUDY

History
Department Chair: Edward Muller
Main Office: 3P01 Forbes Quadrangle
(412) 648-7455 (phone) (412) 648-9074 (fax)
http://www.pitt.edu/~fasgrad/history.htm

PRIMARY FACULTY: Professors: ANDREWS, DOHERTY, DRESCHER (University Professor), HSU (University Professor), KARSTEN, KEARNEY (Carroll J. Amundson Professor), MULLER (Chair),

E. RAWSKI, RINGER (Andrew Mellon Professor), SIMS, SMETHURST; Associate Professors: BAKER, CHASE, GALPERN, GLASCO, GREENBERG, GREENWALD, HALL, JANNETTA, KARAPINKA, OESTREICHER, REDIKER, WHITE; Assistant Professors: HURD, JIMENEZ, LIVEZEANU, TROESKEN

AFFILIATED FACULTY: (Adjunct faculty and those with primary appointments in other areas) Professors: BENEDEK (Adjunct, Medicine), GOLDSTEIN (Religious Studies), LOMBARDO (French and Italian), MARKOFF (Sociology), McGUIRE (History and Philosophy of Science), T. RAWSKI (Economics), RUSINOW (Adjunct), SMOLE (Anthropology), VARDY (Adjunct), WEISBERGER (Adjunct); Associate Professors: ADJAYE (Africana Studies), JONES (Classics), LANGER (Adjunct), McCOLLOCH (Adjunct, Greensburg), ORBACH (Religious Studies); Assistant Professors: ERLEN (Adjunct, Falk Library), O'CONNOR (Adjunct)

EMERITUS FACULTY: Professors: COLODNY, COTTAM (University Professor, Political Science), HAYS (Distinguished Service Professor), KEHL, PERLMAN, RUBIN, STANTON

The primary purpose of the department's graduate program is to provide training in historical research and teaching to students who wish to find careers in colleges, universities, and other settings where the skills of the historian might be used. To advance this purpose, the department encourages a climate of intellectual inquiry and active research that embraces graduate students and faculty members alike. The hallmark of the program is the high measure of independence and flexibility it allows students in shaping a curriculum that meets their needs, within the limits of faculty expertise and available resources. These resources include the Archives of Industrial Society and the United Electrical Workers Archives, as well as the Pittsburgh Center for Social History. The department's greatest strengths lie in the fields of social, political, and economic history focusing on five major areas of the world: Western Europe; the United States; East Asia; Latin America; and Russia and Eastern Europe. Current course offerings and the requirements for degrees appear later in this section. Since these do change, persons interested in the graduate program are urged to request updated materials and a copy of the department's "Graduate Rules and Regulations" by writing: Graduate Secretary, Department of History, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260. The Graduate Secretary will also provide information about admission requirements.

The minimal requirements for the degrees established by the Graduate Faculty of the University and by the Office of Graduate Studies, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, as described elsewhere in this bulletin, should be read in conjunction with the specific departmental requirements for these degrees in the following sections.

Master of Arts Degree Requirements
(a) The Master of Arts degree may be completed by full-time students in either two or three terms, but the latter option is recommended whenever circumstances permit. Eight units of work

(24 credits) are required for the degree. Of these eight, as many as three may be lecture courses in the 1000 series (or the equivalent evening 8000 series), but students are encouraged to take as much of their work as possible at the seminar level. At least five units must be seminars. One of the eight units must be outside history in a related discipline.

(b) Each student must present two papers, which are kept as part of his or her permanent record and are considered equivalent to a master's thesis. One must be a research paper; the other may be either a reading paper or a second research paper. A research paper, normally developed in a research seminar, involves a major original research project employing primary sources, and is presented to the seminar for evaluation and criticism. A reading paper, normally developed in a reading seminar, involves the analysis of a range of secondary literature on a given topic or problem. Where no suitable seminar is offered, the student may develop one of the two papers-either reading or research-as an individual project under the guidance of a faculty member (HIST 2902), but the other should be undertaken in seminar. The two papers must be done for two different instructors, and students are urged to choose two topics separated from each other in time or geography.

(c) Proficiency in one research tool is required for the master's degree. This requirement is met by demonstrating reading knowledge of a foreign language or competence in quantitative techniques. The student must, in consultation with his or her adviser, select the research tool most useful to the student's specialization. Students are urged to complete language preparation before entering graduate school, not only to lighten their work load, but also because some seminars require the use of a foreign language.

(d) At the end of his or her program, the candidate must take an oral examination covering the work completed and emphasizing particularly the interrelationships among courses and seminars. This examination, together with the course and seminar work itself, will serve as a basis for granting the Master of Arts degree and admission into the doctoral program.

Doctor of Philosophy Degree Requirements
(a) Prerequisite for admission is a Master of Arts degree or equivalent preparation (plus approval, for those previously enrolled in the department).

(b) Proficiency in two research tools is required for the doctorate, either two languages or one language and quantitative techniques. The requirement is met by demonstrating reading knowledge of the foreign language(s), and/or competence in quantitative techniques. The student must, in consultation with his or her adviser, select the two research tools most useful to the student's specialization. The first tool requirement is fulfilled before the MA, and the second must be completed before the student undertakes his or her comprehensive examinations. Students entering with the MA will present their first tool upon admission or during the first year of residence, and their second before the comprehensive exam.

(c) Doctoral study is both formal and informal. All students will be required to attend and participate in one reading seminar during each one of three terms after being admitted to the PhD program. In addition, students will take directed independent study under various instructors. This work may involve auditing lectures, independent reading, informal tutoring, and other types of study. The student who enters with an MA from another institution will be required to take a research seminar before embarking on independent study and an oral PhD preliminary examination. The PhD comprehensive consists of oral examinations in four fields and should be taken when the student is ready, normally during the fourth term of work beyond the MA. At the discretion of the student's committee, written examinations covering one or more fields may be required in addition to the oral examinations. Students who fail the comprehensive exam have the right, after conferring with the committee, to retake all or part of the examination. The new examination may be written if the student desires.

The comprehensive examination is divided into four fields. These are:

The five general areas of Modern Europe; the United States; East Asia; Latin America; and Russia and Eastern Europe.

The specialized field within one of the general fields. This field is usually closely related to the student's dissertation topic.

The topical field which is inherently comparative and which focuses on some aspect of history in more than one geographical and/or cultural context. Two members of the student's comprehensive committee serve as examiners in this field.

The related field is from outside the Department of History.

(d) After having selected a suitable dissertation topic, in consultation with the appropriate adviser, the student will present a written prospectus to his or her doctoral committee describing the purpose, scope, and method of the proposed study and the sources upon which it will be based. With the acceptance of this prospectus at the overview examination and the approval of the Dean of Graduate Studies, the student is formally admitted to candidacy for the PhD degree.

(e) The dissertation, directed and evaluated by the student's doctoral committee, is expected to demonstrate his or her capacity to carry out independent, original research. Only if the dissertation is judged to demonstrate such competence, after formal defense in a final oral examination, does the department recommend the awarding of a degree.

Course Offerings
The department accepts for graduate credit all history courses numbered 1000-1999 and 8000-8999 except for HIST 1000 and 1001.

Graduate-level courses
2001 INTRODUCTORY RESEARCH METHODS (Glasco)
2002 SOCIAL SCIENCE HISTORIOGRAPHY
2003 MODERN EUROPEAN HISTORIOGRAPHY (Ringer)
2004 PHILOSOPHY OF THE CULTURAL AND SOCIAL STUDIES (Ringer)
2005 SPECIAL TOPIC (Assorted Faculty)
2006 SPECIAL TOPIC (Assorted Faculty)
2007 SPECIAL TOPIC (Assorted Faculty)
2008 QUANTITATIVE METHODS 1 (Glasco)
2009 QUANTITATIVE METHODS 2 (Troesken)
2042 SOCIOLOGY OF REVOLUTION (Markoff)
2049 COMPARATIVE WELFARE STATES (PS)
2050 POLITICAL PRACTICE AND REASON: EUROPEAN SOCIAL THOUGHT (PS)
2055 COMPARATIVE LABOR (Chase)
2085 EVOLUTION OF AMERICAN LAW (Karsten)
2087 COMPARATIVE MILITARY SYSTEMS (Karsten)
2090 HUMAN AND NATURAL SCIENCES: THE CLASSICAL TRADITION (HPS)
2091 HISTORICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES: PUBLIC HEALTH (HSADM)
2100 READINGS IN EUROPEAN HISTORY (Kearney)
2102 PERCEPTIONS OF THE PAST (Kearney)
2118 EARLY MODERN EUROPE (Galpern)
2150 MODERN GERMAN SOCIAL THOUGHT (Ringer)
2151 EUROPEAN CLASSICAL SOCIOLOGY (Ringer)
2152 MODERN EUROPEAN SOCIAL THOUGHT (Ringer)
2155 EUROPEAN LABOR (White)
2156 BRITISH LABOR (White)
2211 GRADUATE READING IN EAST EUROPE (Rusinow)
2245 ECONOMIC HISTORY OF RUSSIA/EASTERN EUROPE
2311 GRADUATE READING IN RUSSIA TO 1917 (Karapinka)
2312 GRADUATE RESEARCH IN RUSSIA TO 1917 (Karapinka)
2313 READINGS: SOVIET UNION (Chase)
2314 RESEARCH IN SOVIET HISTORY (Chase)
2400 EAST ASIA INTRODUCTION (Smethurst)
2401 EAST ASIA READINGS (Hsu)
2402 EAST ASIAN RESEARCH (Hsu)
2403 CHINESE STUDIES SINCE 1950 (Rawski)
2432 READINGS IN EARLY MODERN JAPAN (Jannetta)
2433 READINGS ON MODERN JAPAN (Smethurst)
2500 LATIN AMERICAN READING (Andrews)
2501 LATIN AMERICAN RESEARCH (Andrews)
2502 LATIN AMERICAN READINGS 2 (Sims)
2503 STATE AND SOCIETY: LATIN AMERICA (Andrews)
2504 LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES IN U.S.: 1945-1990 (Jiminez)
2506 AFRO-LATIN AMERICA (Andrews)
2600 UNITED STATES TO 1877 READING (Hall)
2601 U.S. GENERAL FIELD 2 (Oestreicher)
2650 SOCIAL/POLITICAL HISTORY US
2651 AMERICAN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL HISTORY
2652 U.S. POLITICS AND POLITICAL THEORY 1 (Baker)
2653 U.S. POLITICS AND POLITICAL THEORY II (Baker)
2655 GRADUATE READING U.S. LABOR HISTORY (Oestreicher)
2656 U.S. LABOR RESEARCH (Oestreicher)
2660 U.S. WOMEN RESEARCH (Greenwald)
2665 READINGS: HISTORY OF AMERICAN CITY (Muller)
2668 U.S. URBAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE 1 (Oestreicher)
2669 U.S. URBAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE 2 (Oestreicher)
2670 NATIVE AMERICANS IN U.S. 1783 TO PRESENT (Doherty)
2750 READINGS IN WORLD HISTORY (Kearney)
2751 COMPARATIVE LABOR HISTORY (Oestreicher)
2770 COMPARATIVE SLAVERY AND ABOLITION (Drescher)
2771 COMPARATIVE RACE RELATIONS: CUBA AND THE U.S. (Glasco)
2902 DIRECTED STUDY
2990 INDEPENDENT STUDY
3000 RESEARCH AND DISSERTATION PhD
3649 SOCIAL WELFARE 1
3650 SOCIAL WELFARE 2
3902 DIRECTED STUDY

History of Art and Architecture
Department Chair: H. Anne Weis
Main Office: 104 Frick Fine Arts
(412) 648-2421 (phone) (412) 648-2792 (fax)
http://www.pitt.edu/~arthome/index.html

PRIMARY FACULTY: Professors: HARRIS, HEARN (Director of Architectural Studies), LINDUFF, SHEON, STONES, TOKER, WILKINS, WILLIAMS; Associate Professor: WEIS (Chair); Assistant Professors: KITA, McCLOSKEY, SAVAGE

ADJUNCT FACULTY: Rimer (East Asian)

EMERITUS FACULTY: Professor: LEWIS

The Department of the History of Art and Architecture offers graduate programs leading to the MA and PhD degrees. These programs offer a concentration in the fields of Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Modern, and Asian art. They are supported by a non-circulating research library located in the Henry Clay Frick Fine Arts Building. Advanced graduate students are able to establish a teaching portfolio and are encouraged to present papers at professional meetings and to publish original research.

Master of Arts Degree
Admission: To undertake graduate work in the department, a student would normally have the following preparation: (1) completion of an undergraduate major in a discipline in the humanities with no less than a strong minor in art history (at least 12 credits with a B average in upper-division courses); (2) completion of German and one other foreign language through the intermediate college level with a grade of B or better for Western students; students in Asian art should have begun work in Chinese and/or Japanese. Exceptions are made in the case of superior students who have incomplete preparation in one of these areas, but not both. Applicants with less than an undergraduate art history minor and reading ability in only one foreign language, or little prior course work in art history, if admitted, will be granted provisional status and are not eligible for financial aid. Students are required to redeem deficiencies during that period or may be refused the privilege of continuing in the program.

Applicants must provide the following:

1. A statement of intellectual and professional goals and a short essay on why the applicant wants to study in the department.

2. A term paper or comparable demonstration of an ability to present the results of scholarship.

3. Evidence for language preparation.

4. Three letters of reference.

5. Certified scores on the aptitude sections of the Graduate Record Examination.

Deadlines
Students normally enter the MA program in the fall term. The admissions dossier should be submitted by December 15 to be considered for financial aid.

Financial Aid
Various sorts of financial aid are available for a maximum of two years for the MA degree. Incoming students who wish to be considered for financial aid should apply by the December 15 deadline.

Specific questions about graduate programs should be addressed to the Director of Graduate Studies, History of Art and Architecture, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (or send e-mail to histart@vms.cis.pitt.edu).

Requirements
A. MA requirements in the history of Western art:

1. Language requirement. Demonstrated reading ability in German and one other foreign language.

2. Required seminar in Methods in Art History (FA 2005).

3. Distribution Requirement

a. Distribution requirement by faculty. Study in lecture courses or seminars with at least five different faculty members, with breadth of methodological approach, of media (architecture, painting, sculpture), and of chronological periods.

b. Distribution requirement by period. All students will take at least one course in non-Western art and-wherever possible-at least one course in each of the following fields:
Ancient (up to 300 A.D.)
Medieval (300-1400)
Renaissance and Baroque (1400-1800)
Modern (1800-present)
For students who did not study all four fields as undergraduates, this secondary requirement is mandatory.

4. Course work requirement. Twenty-seven credits (typically nine courses) are required, of which 24 credits shall be in art history and 3 credits in a cognate course outside art history, as approved by the department. Six credits may be transferred from another approved graduate program. No more than two incomplete grades may appear on the transcript, and the minimum final GPA is 3.00. (All courses must be at the 1000-level or higher and 12 credits must be seminars at the 2000-level (three seminars in addition to FA 2005). Courses numbered 2000, 2901, 2902, 2970, and 2990 are ineligible as seminars.

5. A final requirement is a model research paper deemed satisfactory by a majority vote of the full faculty in residence as a demonstration of creative scholarship, clarity in method and presentation, and appropriate research practice. It must be submitted no later than November 1 or March 1 of the term in which the degree is expected. One faculty member serves as second reader. A copy free of grammatical errors and incorporating such revisions as the faculty may stipulate shall be deposited in the Fine Arts Library.

B. MA requirements in the history of Asian art:

The requirements for advanced degrees in non-Western topics are similar to those for degrees in Western art history, but the following three exceptions apply:

1. Language requirement. All incoming students must have studied the equivalent of two years of an appropriate language in which he/she intends to do advanced work. The second foreign language may be Western or non-Western, depending on the intended area focus of the student.

2. Distribution requirements. Students in the non-Western program are expected to take a cognate course, as are all MA candidates, but they must also take a lecture course (1000-level) or seminar in Western art history to fulfill the distribution requirement. In special cases this requirement may be fulfilled by taking a course in a cognate area and/or discipline. Thus some students studying ancient China take a course in Mayan archaeology or Greek civilization for distribution.

3. Seminar requirements. Students must take four seminars, including FA 2005 (Methods).

Doctor of Philosophy Degree
Admission. A student seeking admission into the doctoral program must choose a well-defined dissertation area (if possible, a precise dissertation topic), and then petition a member of the department Graduate Faculty to serve as adviser.

For students currently in the MA program, this procedure should normally take one term, or at least be completed during the first year in residence. In that period the student should take the usual course load, including at least one seminar per term. The student should also take FA 2005 if he or she has not previously taken a methodology course. It is also recommended that the student take course work, preferably a seminar, with faculty members likely to serve on their review committee. When an acceptable topic is found, the adviser will form the dissertation review committee, including at least two other departmental faculty members (not including the departmental chair, who serves ex officio on all PhD committees). The review committee has major responsibility in tailoring the student's program to his or her professional and academic goals. For example, if the student is planning a teaching career in two fields, the committee should develop a schedule of courses and cognates, including language work, to best fulfill these plans. The initial function of the review committee is to meet with the student and judge the viability of the student's preparation for work on the proposed dissertation area or topic. Upon agreement, the adviser will formally propose to the full departmental faculty that the student be admitted into the PhD program in art history. The student is expected to submit a brief written account of his/her progress and immediate goals to the review committee each year in September, until the degree has been completed.

In the case of students completing an MA elsewhere, admission is granted after consideration by the admissions committee in consultation with the prospective adviser.

For the applicants from other MA programs, the procedures for setting up a committee are the same as previously stated; that is, permission to begin PhD work at Pitt will be contingent upon acceptance by an adviser and committee. A student will be admitted to the PhD program in art history only with adviser sponsorship and formal departmental approval; the student shall be informed by the departmental chair, in writing, of the date of his or her formal admission to the PhD program. The results of this preliminary evaluation will be transmitted to the Dean of Graduate Studies.

Comprehensive Examination. The adviser and review committee will, in close consultation with the student, devise a program of preparation for the comprehensive examination. The program will focus on the dissertation area, broadly defined, which sets the outer limits and inner directions of responsibility for the examination. Preparation will be primarily on a tutorial basis, but each term's work will consist of at least one seminar, and no more than six credit hours of directed study, as determined by the adviser. Students are encouraged to take at least one course or seminar with each member of the examination committee. At least one lecture course or seminar should be taken each term before the comprehensive examinations. No more than two directed studies may be taken in any single term. The period of preparation for the comprehensive examination will be at least two principal terms and not more than four terms after formal admission into the PhD program. The adviser and review committee shall, with any necessary substitution for a member on leave, constitute the examining committee for the comprehensives, and the examination's form shall be determined by that committee. Equity among various forms of examination will be monitored by the departmental chair, a departmental standing committee, or both. The comprehensive examination may be scheduled upon the student's completion of 16 courses beyond the baccalaureate or, in any event no later than the 24th post-baccalaureate course. The examination committee tests the student in three fields, conceived as research fields which are related either to the subject of the dissertation or to another area of serious intellectual interest and potential research. The comprehensive exam includes three four-hour written examinations, to be completed within a period of one week, and one oral examination.

PhD Candidacy. A student becomes a doctoral candidate in art history in the following manner. After the examining committee certifies passage of the comprehensives, the student submits to his or her adviser the required "Application for Doctoral Candidacy," accompanied by a dissertation prospectus (including the student's goals, materials to be studied, and methods to be employed in reaching these goals), and a summary bibliography. After consultation with the student, the adviser then seeks the consent of one graduate faculty member from a University department other than Fine Arts to serve on the dissertation committee (otherwise normally identical to the comprehensive examination committee). An expert in the dissertation area from outside the University of Pittsburgh will, when available, be named as a fifth reader. After each member of the proposed dissertation committee has approved the prospectus by signing the student's application for candidacy, and upon the application's approval by the departmental chair and the Dean of Graduate Studies, the student is granted doctoral candidacy and the adviser is designated dissertation director and head of the dissertation committee.

Dissertation and Degree. In writing the dissertation, the candidate will work closely with the members of his or her dissertation committee, even when such consultation must proceed by mail in the candidate's absence from Pittsburgh; an annual progress report must be received by the committee each year by September 1. When the candidate is ready to submit a first draft of the dissertation, the candidate or the dissertation director may request from the departmental Chair and the Dean of Graduate Studies modification of dissertation committee membership (because of leave or other reasons). The penultimate draft shall be the subject of the oral examination, in order that the candidate may make maximal use of suggestions from committee members. With the agreement of the oral examiners, a final draft of the dissertation will be prepared for dissertation committee acceptance, including at least one copy of accompanying illustrations and caption material. Members of the dissertation committee will indicate to the dissertation director, in writing, their approval of the final dissertation draft - with or without suggested changes of an editorial, organizational, or substantive nature. Typing and submission of the completed dissertation as stipulated in University regulations shall proceed only with the dissertation director's approval. Upon the director's acceptance of the dissertation and a final check by committee members, as appropriate, the dissertation committee will formally recommend to the Dean of Graduate Studies the University's conferral of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in art history.

History and Philosophy of Science
Department Chair: James Lennox
Main Office: 1017 Cathedral of Learning
(412) 624-5896 (phone) (412) 624-3895 (fax)
http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/hps.html

PRIMARY FACULTY: Professors: LENNOX (Chair), EARMAN, MACHAMER, McGUIRE, OLBY,
M. SALMON; Associate Professor: NORTON; Visiting Assistant Professor: WILSON

AFFILIATED FACULTY (Adjunct faculty and those with primary appointments in other areas) Professors: BELNAP (Philosophy), GLYMOUR (Adjunct), GOLDSTEIN (Religious Studies), GRÜNBAUM (Philosophy), KRIPS (Communications), MASSEY (Philosophy), RESCHER (Philosophy), RINGER (History),
W. SALMON (Philosophy); Associate Professors: BOWEN (Adjunct, Classics), DUSCHL (Education); Assistant Professor: PARKER (GSPH)

The graduate program in History and Philosophy of Science was established to serve as a center for research and teaching in the historical and conceptual foundations of science. It is an interdisciplinary department offering courses and seminars leading to the MA and PhD degrees. It offers to the qualified student the opportunity of pursuing an intensive course of study in the historical and philosophical dimensions of science. The course work in the department is both formal and informal. Some course work in the sciences, history, philosophy, or computer science is required. It is possible to work out a program that leads to a master's degree in one of these fields while pursuing the PhD degree in History and Philosophy of Science. Graduate seminars are supplemented by a Colloquium in History and Philosophy of Science, by the visitors and activities of the Center for the Philosophy of Science, and by the Archives of Scientific Philosophy (home of the papers of Carnap, Reichenbach, Ramsey).

Among the major topics currently being researched by the departmental faculty are: the philosophy of space and time, matter theory from Descartes to Maxwell, the development of the Vienna Circle, Einstein and the theory of relativity, the historical interaction of science and philosophy since the Renaissance, the logic of scientific inference, science and theology from Descartes to Kant, Newton's natural philosophy, Darwin and Darwinism, history and philosophy of evolutionary biology, Aristotle's philosophy of science, philosophy of psychology, 19th-century science, the history and philosophy of molecular biology, the philosophy of medicine, Medieval and Greek science, scientific change and progress, and explanation in the social sciences.

Admissions
Applicants for admission to the graduate program in History and Philosophy of Science will be expected to have a suitable undergraduate degree, to have some knowledge of the natural or social sciences, and to submit:

(a) a completed application form
(b) a transcript of previous academic work
(c) three letters of recommendation
(d) aptitude scores on the Graduate Record Examination
(e) a statement of career objectives
(f) sample of written work

Each individual application will be evaluated on its own merits. Applications for admission may be obtained from the departmental admissions officer. The deadline for completed applications is February 1. A descriptive brochure and a booklet for graduate students is available on request.

Both the PhD and MA degrees are awarded. Terminal MA degrees are sought by students who find studies in History and Philosophy of Science relevant to their career interests. MA students have included persons with MD degrees, those pursuing the PhD in other fields or at other universities, librarians, and those doing archive or museum work.

Degree Requirements
The core of the graduate program centers around a series of seminars (approximately four to six are offered each term). These range from general surveys of the field and methods of research to specialized research seminars on selected topics in History and Philosophy of Science. These courses are divided into three areas:

Area 1: Core sequence: a 3-term introduction at the graduate level to history and philosophy of science
Area 2: History of science
Area 3: Philosophy of science

MA Degree Requirements

1. Distribution-of-studies requirements:
a. Nine hours from Area 1 (core seminars).
b. Fifteen hours from Areas 2 and 3, with at least six hours in each area.

2. Language requirement: Good reading knowledge of either French, German, Latin, Greek, or approved substitute language. (Language acquisition courses cannot count toward the degree.)

3. Comprehensive requirement: students must submit a research paper in the history of science and a research paper in the philosophy of science. Evaluations of papers will be limited to a master's pass/fail. A master's pass on both papers is required for the MA degree.

4. No more than two (non-HPS) 1000-level courses may count towards the MA degree. (No pre-1000-level courses can be used to satisfy the degree requirements. No HPS courses at the 1000-level can count.)

5. A minimum of 24 credit hours

PhD Degree Requirements:

1. MA degree in History and Philosophy of Science, or completion of MA requirements

2. Further distribution of studies requirements:

At least nine hours at the 1000- or 2000-level, in one of the following (a maximum two 1000-level, including the two for the MA):

(a) philosophy, exclusive of philosophy of science and logic.

(b) history, exclusive of history of science.

(c) a field of natural sciences, social science, or computer science (courses taken towards the MA degree may be counted toward the requirement for the PhD).

3. Proficiency in logic (equivalent to PHIL 1500).

4. Language requirement: Good reading knowledge of two foreign languages (Latin, Greek, German, French, or approved substitute), or of one foreign language and proficiency in logic equivalent to PHIL 1520 or approved computer language (LISP, etc.). Students concentrating in history of science must satisfy the language requirement with two languages. One foreign language exam must be passed before the student completes the comprehensive requirements. The second language exam must be passed before the student's prospectus examination.

5. Satisfactory fulfillment of the comprehensive requirements at the PhD level.

6. Submission of a significant and acceptable dissertation on a topic in history and philosophy of science.

7. All students must acquire some supervised teaching experience during their tenure at the University.

8. A minimum of 72 credit hours of graduate credit.

These requirements are specific departmental requirements, in addition to the general requirements for the MA and PhD degrees laid down by the Graduate Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Please refer to the Financial Assistance section of this bulletin for a description of the kinds of financial aid available.

Program in Classics, Philosophy, and Ancient Sciences
The Departments of Classics, Philosophy, and History and Philosophy of Science of the University of Pittsburgh jointly offer a graduate program leading to the degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy in classics, philosophy, or history and philosophy of science, with special concentration in ancient philosophy and science. Although their primary association is with one of the three departments, depending on their background and interests, students in the program work closely with each other and with the cooperating faculty, which is drawn from all three departments.

Program in Medical Ethics
The HPS department offers a track in its MA program in Medical Ethics which has the following objectives:

To provide students with a firm understanding of the intellectual content of ethics. This will require both that students develop familiarity with major ethical theories, and that they acquire an ability to critically analyze ethical issues.

To enable students to appreciate the historical context and scientific basis of advances in medicine and the manner in which these developments engender ethical dilemmas.

To allow students to understand the organization of health care and how this affects the ethical issues that arise in medical practice. This requires that students have some understanding of the doctor-patient relationship, of the effect of the health care team (doctors, nurses, pharmacists, etc.) on the care of hospitalized patients, and of how the changing environment of medicine has altered these relationships.

To train students on a range of actual in-the-wards problems involving ethical issues and to do an "ethics work-up" on individual patients.

To explore solutions to these clinical-ethical dilemmas with the assistance of experienced faculty mentors. Students will participate in formally requested ethics consultations (with appropriate permission).

A total of 30 credits is required for the MA. Depending on the student's previous experience, an additional correlative graduate course or a more intensive clinical practicum will be recommended. The program can be completed within one year, though it is anticipated that a number of students will extend it over an 18-24 month period. Fellowship support is not currently available for this program. Application deadline is February 15.

Courses
The following courses are currently offered by the department. Check FAS Course Descriptions published each term for detailed descriptions. It should be understood that this is an open-ended list; new courses are added as student demand warrants. Only the courses marked with an asterisk (*) are offered on a regular basis.

*2501-2503 CORE SEMINAR IN PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND CORE SEMINAR
IN HISTORY OF SCIENCE (two terms)
2512 ANCIENT SCIENTIFIC ASTRONOMY
2513 19TH-CENTURY PHYSICAL SCIENCES
2514 19TH-CENTURY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
2515 HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS
2516 INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT IN AMERICAN ARCHEOLOGY
2517 THE MECHANICAL PHILOSOPHY OF THE 17TH CENTURY
2518 PHILOSOPHY OF INFINITY
2519 HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY
2520 NEWTON
2521 SCIENCE AND RELIGION IN THE 17TH CENTURY
2522 SPECIAL TOPICS IN HISTORY OF SCIENCE
2523 NEWTON'S OPTICS
2525 20TH-CENTURY BIOLOGY
2526 HISTORY OF RELATIVITY THEORY
2527 THE HUMAN AND THE NATURAL SCIENCES: THE CLASSICAL TRADITION
2528 GALILEO
2529 LEIBNIZ
2530 READING SEMINAR IN HISTORY OF SCIENCE
2531 FREUD AND PSYCHOANALYSIS
2532 HISTORY OF THE OLD QUANTUM THEORY
2533 DESCARTES
2534 GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION
2535 NATURE AND THE LAWS OF NATURE : THE RENAISSANCE TREATMENT
2536 NATURE AND THE LAWS OF NATURE: THE MODERN TREATMENT
2537 HISTORIOGRAPHY OF SCIENCE
2538 EARLY MODERN PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
2539 HISTORIOGRAPHIES OF KNOWLEDGE
2540 PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE IN THE MIDDLE AGES AND THE RENAISSANCE
2541 ARISTOTLE'S SCIENCE AND METAPHYSICS
2542 HOBBES AND SPINOZA
2543 KANT AND SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT
2544 LOCKE AND LEIBNIZ
2545 ARISTOTLE'S BIOLOGY
2546 MODERN EUROPEAN SOCIAL THOUGHT
2547 ARISTOTLE'S PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
2548 CAUSES AND THE COSMOS: SCOTUS AND SPINOZA
2549 MODERN EUROPEAN SOCIAL THOUGHT
2550 EUROPEAN CLASSICAL SOCIOLOGY
2551 ARISTOTLE'S PHYSICS
2552 PHILOSOPHY OF CULTURAL AND SOCIAL STUDIES
2553 DARWIN'S ORIGIN
2554 ARISTOTLE AND THE ATOMISTS
2555 HOBBES
2556 ARISTOTLE'S MATTER THEORY
2557 CONTEMPORARY EUROPEAN HISTORIOGRAPHY
2558 MYTH, IDEOLOGY, AND SCIENCE
2560 MOLECULAR REVOLUTION IN BIOLOGY
2561 ASPECTS OF HEREDITARIANISM
2563 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
*2604 CLINICAL TRAINING IN MEDICAL ETHICS I
*2606 CLINICAL TRAINING IN MEDICAL ETHICS II
2612 HUMAN GENETICS SEMINAR: ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND SOCIAL ISSUES
2651 HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF ECONOMICS
2652 RECENT TOPICS IN PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
2658 PHILOSOPHY OF MEDICINE
2659 NEUROBIOLOGY AND REDUCTION
2660 CAUSALITY
*2661 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MEDICAL ETHICS
2662 REDUCTION
2663 PERCEPTION
*2664 ADVANCED MEDICAL ETHICS
2665 THEORY CONSTRUCTION IN PSYCHOLOGY
2666 SEMINAR ON INDUCTIVE INFERENCE
2667 PHILOSOPHY OF QUANTUM MECHANICS
2668 TOPICS IN PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGY
2669 REALISM
2670 TOPICS IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF KNOWLEDGE
2671 MODELS OF SCIENTIFIC CHANGE
*2672 PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
2673 STUDIES IN ARISTOTLE
2674 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE LOGIC OF DISCOVERY
2675 PHILOSOPHY OF SPACE AND TIME
2676 CARNAP AND REICHENBACH
2677 DETERMINISM
2678 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CAUSAL MODELING
2679 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES IN PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS
*2680 READING SEMINAR IN PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
2681 PHILOSOPHY OF RELATIVITY THEORY
2682 THEORIES OF CONFIRMATION
2683 PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
2684 PERCEPTUAL THEORY AND EXPERIMENTATION
2685 SCIENCE AND ITS RHETORIC
2686 CAUSALITY IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
2687 RATIONALITY AND RELATIVISM
2688 SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION
2689 CAUSATION IN SCIENCE AND THE LAW
*2690 HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF PSYCHOLOGY
2691 CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATION
2692 TOPICS IN HISTORY OF RECENT PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
2693 PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE IN THE HUMANITIES
2694 BAYESIAN EPISTEMOLOGY
2695 HISTORY, PHILOSOPHY, AND THEORY OF ARCHEOLOGY
2696 PHILOSOPHY OF PERSPECTIVES ON FEMINISM
2697 KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
*2698 TOPICS IN MEDICAL ETHICS
*2701 PHILOSOPHY OF PSYCHOANALYSIS I
*2702 PHILOSOPHY OF PSYCHOANALYSIS II
*2497 TEACHING PRACTICUM
*2902 PRE-MA DIRECTED STUDY
*2904 MA THESIS
*2990 INDEPENDENT STUDY
*2999 PROSPECTUS RESEARCH
*3000 DISSERTATION RESEARCH
*3902 ADVANCED DIRECTED STUDY

Other courses of interest are offered by the Departments of Philosophy, History, Anthropology, Linguistics, Economics, Sociology, Mathematics, Psychology, Physics, and Computer Science. These lists are open-ended. As new courses are developed and introduced, they will be added to one or another list. At the time that the schedule for the next term is published, seminars will be marked as to whether they count in Areas 2 or 3. Reading courses that are given during the summer will be assigned to an Area at the time they are set up.

Intelligent Systems Program
Program Directors: Kurt VanLehn and Kevin Ashley
Main Office: 901 Cathedral of Learning
(412) 624-5755 (phone) (412) 624-9149 (fax)
http://www.isp.pitt.edu/isp.html

Faculty: ASHLEY (Co-Director; Associate Professor, Law, Learning Research and Development Center), VANLEHN (Co-Director; Associate Professor, Computer Science, Learning Research and Development Center); Professors: BUCHANAN (Computer Science), DALEY (Computer Science), KORFHAGE (Library and Information Science), LESGOLD (Learning Research and Development Center), MAY (Graduate School of Business), THOMASON (Linguistics); Assistant Professors: COOPER (Medical Informatics), DRUZDEL (Library and Information Science), MAHLING (Library and Information Science), MOORE (Computer Science), SMALL (Neurology); Associate Professors: BANKS (Neurology), HIRTLE (Library and Information Science), POLLACK (Computer Science); Research Associate Professors: OHLSSON (Learning Research and Development Center); Research Associates: RAGHAVAN (Learning Research and Development Center), RYMON (Intelligent Systems)

The graduate program in Intelligent Systems serves as a center at the University of Pittsburgh for advanced education and research in artificial intelligence. The program offers concentration in specific areas, such as: diagnosis, knowledge representation, machine learning, intelligent tutoring, natural language generation, planning, case-based reasoning, and problem solving. There are strong working connections to research groups in the Department of Computer Science, the Learning Research and Development Center, and the School of Medicine. The program also draws on associated faculty from other units, including: the Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business, the Department of History and Philosophy of Science, the Department of Information Science, the Department of Linguistics, the Department of Philosophy, and the Department of Psychology.

Content of Intelligent Systems Studies
Students in the program may concentrate in areas such as:

* Formal studies of learning and reasoning, including default reasoning and induction, reasoning with uncertain information, machine learning, planning, machine diagnosis, human cognition, and applications of these theories.

* Experimental testing and validation of systems in applications such as diagnosis, inheritance reasoning, and planning.

* The nature of interactions between people and information processing tools, including the interaction between a student and a machine or human tutor, between a computer user and a computer, between a database user and the database, between a professional and a diagnosis machine, and between a programmer and a programming environment.

* Case-based reasoning, and applications of case-based reasoning, especially in legal domains and in tutoring applications.

* Computational linguistics, and especially natural language generation.

* Technologies related to the above foci, such as expert systems.

Computational Resources
The program's environment is rich in well-established research projects and computational resources. There are well-equipped research laboratories associated with research groups in Computer Science, LRDC, and the Medical School. The program maintains a laboratory for student use, which is equipped with Mac II and Unix-based workstations, as well as a number of X-Terminals.

Financial Aid
The program endeavors to provide financial support for all admitted students who require it. Support is currently available through a variety of sources, including externally supported research and training grants, University fellowships, and program funds. Further details are available in the program brochure.

Additional Information
Additional information about the program is available on request. Questions and requests regarding the program may be sent by electronic mail to isp@pogo.isp.pitt.edu. Telephone calls should be directed to the program offices at (412) 624-5755. The program's postal address is: Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15260.

Medical Informatics Track
The important role at the University of Pittsburgh of research and training in medical applications is recognized through a special Medical Informatics Track within the Intelligent Systems Program. The track offers a specialized curriculum, and the advising structure draws more heavily on the medical faculty.

Requirements for Admission to Program
The program offers a Doctor of Philosophy degree. Guidance is also provided for students who wish to pursue joint or dual degrees in the program and another discipline. A Master of Science degree is available only to students who are pursuing a doctoral program in Intelligent Systems or who are enrolled simultaneously in another doctoral program elsewhere in the University. (The only exception to this rule involves the Medical Informatics Track.) Further details about admission to such a joint degree program are provided in the program brochure.

Application Procedures
The program maintains updated information about program activities and detailed application instructions. Applicants should obtain a current copy of the program brochure before completing an application. Briefly, an application consists of the standard Faculty of Arts and Sciences admission forms, in addition to the following materials.

A concise statement of purpose, providing information on the following points:

1. Objective in pursuing a PhD in Intelligent Systems Studies

2. Theoretical background in relevant areas

3. Background in relevant tools and applications (list programming languages with which you are familiar, indicating level of familiarity)

4. Relevant practical experience, including industrial or commercial experience.

Graduate Record Examinations are required of all applicants; applications are not complete until scores have been received. Applicants who are not native speakers of English must take the TOEFL examinations and submit scores. Applicants from abroad should take note of the special instructions that apply.

Degree Requirements
To earn the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Intelligent Systems Studies, a student must complete a program of study approved by an advisory committee of faculty. This program must include (a) the required courses shown below; (b) at least four advanced courses in the field of intelligent systems;

(c) an MS-level project, approved by the faculty after an oral prospectus presentation, involving significant research, design, or development work and a written report; (d) successful completion of a comprehensive examination composed by an advisory committee; and (e) an acceptable dissertation. Successful completion of (c) satisfies the preliminary evaluation requirement of FAS. The advisory committee may waive requirements that have been satisfied through prior university-level study.

The advisory committee normally consists of three faculty. At most one of these may be from outside the program, and no more than one can be non-tenure stream. At the time a dissertation committee has been formed, the advisory committee will be replaced by a larger dissertation committee, which will supervise and approve work on the dissertation.

Both the master's and the doctoral program require the completion of ISSP 2100 (see below) during the first term of study in the program, unless the student can demonstrate equivalent prior training.

Courses and Other Instruction Required
The following courses are required; unless otherwise noted, they are three credits:

2000 RESEARCH AND THESIS MS DEGREE 1-9 cr.

2050 INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS RESEARCH SEMINAR 1 cr.
Introduction to research activities of the program faculty.

2100 INTRODUCTION TO INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS

A one-term course in AI programming. This course is considered remedial, and is required for students with incomplete artificial intelligence programming preparation who wish to pursue the graduate program.

2160 FOUNDATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Core course.

2170 PLANNING, PROBLEM SOLVING, AND SEARCH
Core course.

2712 KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
Core course.

3000 PhD RESEARCH 1-9 cr.
Three theory-related courses are required for the PhD. These courses are drawn from a large number of offerings in logic and theoretical computer science. Four advanced courses are also required. These are drawn from offerings such as the following. (All courses are 3 credits unless otherwise noted.) Requirements for medical track students are somewhat more specialized.

2010 AIM SEMINAR
2015 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL INFORMATICS
2020 TOPICS IN INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
2030 ADVANCED TOPICS IN INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
2070 PROBABLE METHODS FOR COMPUTER-BASED DECISION SYSTEMS
2120 INTRODUCTION TO NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING
2140 INTRODUCTION TO PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING
2150 INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS
2180 VISUAL LANGUAGES AND PROGRAMMING
2210 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
2220 HUMAN INFORMATION PROCESSING
2230 NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING
2300 THEORY OF COMPUTING
2310 THEORY OF LEARNING ALGORITHMS I
2311 THEORY OF LEARNING ALGORITHMS II
2400 INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LABORATORY
2470 ADVANCED LOGIC
2510 SEMINAR: AI AND LEGAL REASONING
2630 FOUNDATIONS OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE
2710 MEDICAL EXPERT SYSTEMS
2810 SEMINAR IN LOGIC
2820 PRAGMATICS
2830 DYNAMICS OF MEANING
2840 LOGIC AND AI
2850 COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS
2871 ART OF LOGIC AND COMPUTATION
2875 LOGIC PROGRAMMING AND COMPUTATIONAL MORPHOLOGY
2902 DIRECTED STUDY
2990 INDEPENDENT STUDY
3300 SEMINAR: ADVANCED TOPICS AND EXPERT SYSTEMS
3360 STRUCTURE AND INTERPRETATION OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
3370 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN BUSINESS
3380 KNOWLEDGE-BASED EXPERT SYSTEMS
3390 ADVANCED TOPICS IN AI
3510 SEMINAR: TOPICS IN KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING I 1 cr.
3530 SEMINAR: NATURAL LANGUAGE GENERATION
3535 RESEARCH IN LIMITED REASONING
3560 VISUAL LANGUAGES AND VISUAL PROGRAMMING
3600 SEMINAR IN COGNITIVE PROCESSES
3610 SEMINAR IN LEARNING AND INSTRUCTION

Linguistics
Department Chair: Daniel L. Everett
Main Office: 2816 Cathedral of Learning
(412) 624-5938 (phone) (412) 624-6130 (fax)
http://www.linguistics.pitt.edu

PRIMARY FACULTY: Professors: EVERETT, (Chair), PAULSTON (Director, English Language Institute), R. THOMASON, S. THOMASON (Graduate Adviser); Assistant Professors: DeKEYSER, JUFFS (Admissions Officer), TENNY (Undergraduate Adviser); Lecturers: HENDERSON (Director, Language Acquisition Institute), MENASCHE (Associate Director, English Language Institute); Assistant Instructors: MCLAUGHLIN (Staff Administrator, ELI), JASNOW (Student Advisor, ELI), SMITH (Assistant Director, ELI), WILSON (Testing Supervisor, ELI); Staff Administrator ELI: BROWN

AFFILIATED FACULTY (Adjunct faculty and those with primary appointments in other areas): Professors: KAUFMAN (Anthropology), PERFETTI (Psychology); Associate Professor: GORDON (Psychology); Assistant Professor: PRITCHETT; Research Associate: MOSER (LRDC); Research Scientist: LEVIN (Carnegie Mellon University)

Admission to Graduate Status
The department offers programs leading to the MA and PhD degrees. In order to be admitted to graduate standing in linguistics, students must meet the admission requirements of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences (see Admissions and Registration) and have at least two years, or the equivalent, of university-level study of a foreign language. The Graduate Record Examination is strongly recommended for all applicants; it is required for those applying for financial aid. PhD applicants must also submit samples of written work in linguistics.

Master of Arts Degree
Course Requirements. The MA program requires a minimum of ten courses (30 credits) chosen in consultation with the departmental graduate adviser. Six core courses are required: LING 1950, 2578, 2579, 2773, 2777, and one of the following courses: LING 1443, 2146, 2267, 2441, 2860, 2681, 2682, or 2945. In addition, the student elects four more courses, two of which may be taken outside the department with the approval of the graduate adviser. Additional course work may also be taken outside the department. No more than three courses may be chosen from the 1000 series. The student must earn a B average in graduate linguistics courses in order to receive the MA degree.

Research Proficiency. This requirement may be satisfied by electing LING 2000, Research and Thesis, and meeting the thesis requirements set by the Dean of Graduate Studies; or the student, with the approval of the departmental faculty, after a presentation to the departmental seminar, may write a "long paper" under the supervision of a faculty member. The paper will be read by the adviser and at least one other faculty member. (Consult the graduate adviser for complete details.)

Foreign Language Requirement. Proficiency in one foreign language is required for the MA degree. This proficiency should fall into one of two areas: either (1) the ability to do research in sources written in the language: normally the choice would be of French, German, Spanish, or Russian; or

(2) acquaintance with the sounds and structure of a language, for which any language may be chosen. An examination to ascertain student proficiency in the chosen language will be administered by members of the faculty or by the Language Acquisition Institute.

International students who are not native speakers of English may use English to fulfill the MA language requirement, and the requirement will be fulfilled automatically by the completion of MA course work with a B average.

Comprehensive Examination in Linguistics. This examination will evaluate the candidate's knowledge and understanding of material covered in course work and specified on the MA reading list. The written examination may be supplemented by an oral examination at the request of the faculty or the student. In accordance with general graduate studies regulations, this examination must be passed at least one month prior to the last day of the term in which the degree is to be granted.

Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages
A Certificate in the Teaching of English to Speakers of Other Languages is offered by the Linguistics Department. Candidates for the certificate should be in a graduate program of the University or should have completed a master's or PhD degree. An application form for admission is obtainable from the department's admissions officer. Ling 1950, Introduction to Linguistics, or an equivalent course is a prerequisite. It may be taken concurrently with the first certificate course in which the candidate enrolls. The following requirements must be fulfilled by any student who wishes to earn the certificate: Linguistic Structure of English, Ling 1738; Approaches and Methods in Second Language Teaching, Ling 2139; Techniques and Procedures of TESOL, Ling 2142; Materials Development for Second Language Teaching and Testing, Ling 2143; Second Language Acquisition, Ling 2146; and Practicum in Second Language Teaching, Ling 2195. In addition, the student must take one of the following courses: Psycholinguistics, Ling 2945; Sociolinguistics, Ling 2267; Current Issues in Second Language Learning, Ling 2147. (Note that 2945 or 2267 may also count as one of the five required Linguistics courses for the MA degree, and all certificate course work counts toward the credit requirements for a graduate degree in Linguistics.)

All required courses must be passed with at least a B grade.

Each candidate who is not a native speaker of English must also achieve a score of 580 or higher on the TOEFL examination or its equivalent, and must have good spoken English ability (as determined by an interview test). Native speakers of English must satisfy a foreign language requirement: they must have classroom foreign language experience equivalent to at least one year of college-level study.

Students from outside the Linguistics Department must complete a TESOL Certificate Plan of Studies form and submit it to the TESOL Certificate adviser after consultation. On completion of all TESOL Certificate requirements, a transcript must be submitted to the Linguistics Department. The Certificate is officially awarded only when the student has also completed all requirements for - or has previously received - the MA or PhD degree and completed an Application for Graduation form.

Doctor of Philosophy Degree
The Faculty of Arts and Sciences requires a minimum of 72 credits beyond the BA for a PhD degree. Specific departmental course requirements will be set in individual cases by the departmental faculty, depending on the student's interests and prior background in linguistics.

By the end of the third term of doctoral study, the student is expected to have established his or her eligibility to continue toward the degree by passing the required preliminary screening examination.

Two foreign languages are required for the PhD degree. Proficiency in these languages will be demonstrated by examination. In addition, the department requires either previous knowledge of, or one term of study with a grade of at least a B in, some language that is not Germanic, Romance, Slavic, or Greek, unless one of the two languages chosen for examination falls into this category.

A comprehensive examination precedes admission to candidacy and dissertation research. This examination consists of written and oral sections and covers the following areas: (1) linguistic theory and methodology, including descriptive analysis, and (2) area of specialization- a particular group of languages, an interdisciplinary area such as Native American Linguistics, or a subfield such as sociolinguistics, or second language acquisition.

Additional information can be found in the General Degree Regulations section of this bulletin and in the department's newsletter, which can be obtained upon request from the departmental graduate secretary.

Additional Programs
The department is directly engaged in language teaching through the Language Laboratory and two institutes.

The ENGLISH LANGUAGE INSTITUTE offers courses in English as a foreign language to students for whom English is not the native language. Three-credit courses are offered, LING 0008, 0009, 0010, and also non-credit intensive courses in English. The ELI also offers courses for the School of Engineering and the English Department, and conducts proficiency tests of International TA/TFs for the Provost's Office.

The LANGUAGE ACQUISITION INSTITUTE offers instruction in uncommonly-taught languages. The languages taught in any given term are determined by availability of native-speaking instructors and materials and availability of funds. In a typical fall or spring term, about 15 languages will be offered to over 275 students. The most popular course is currently American Sign Language; other languages that have been taught recently are Arabic, Aymara, Dutch, Finnish, Modern Greek, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Irish Gaelic, Korean, Persian (Farsi), Quechua, Swahili, Swedish, Tagalog, Thai, Turkish, and Vietnamese.

The LANGUAGE LABORATORY is administered by the Department of Linguistics on behalf of all the language departments.

The courses listed below are those taught regularly. Other courses are taught when there is sufficient student interest. Consult the department for a complete list.

Courses
0080 ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE
Offered every fall and spring terms.

0090 LANGUAGE AND COMPUTATION (R. Thomason or Tenny)
Offered occasionally.

1240 LANGUAGE AND THE LAW
Offered occasionally.

1267 ASPECTS OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS
Usually offered once a year.

1442 MAYAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES (Kaufman)
Offered if sufficient demand.

1443 AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES (Kaufman or Everett)
Usually offered once a year.

1738 THE STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH
Prerequisite: LING 1950 or equivalent. Offered once a year.

1950 INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS
A survey of general linguistics. Emphasizes the theory and methodology of the traditional central areas of the field-phonetics, phonology, morphology, and syntax. Offered every fall and spring term.

1951 LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD (S. Thomason or Everett)
Offered occasionally.

2000 MA RESEARCH AND THESIS

2139 APPROACHES AND METHODS IN SECOND LANGUAGE TEACHING
An introduction to the main issues involved in methodological options, based on empirical research as much as possible. Prerequisite: 1950. Offered once a year.

2142 TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES IN LANGUAGE TEACHING: TESOL
The course concentrates on classroom procedures and techniques, and touches minimally on theoretical approaches. Offered each fall term.

2143 MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT FOR SECOND LANGUAGE TEACHING AND TESTING
Prerequisite: LING 2142. Offered each spring term.

2144 RESEARCH METHODS IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS
A broad overview of quantitative and qualitative methodology for research on instructed and non-instructed second language acquisition. Offered once a year.

2146 SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION (DeKeyser or Juffs)
A thorough overview of second language acquisition research, from a linguistic and psychological, rather than from an educational, point of view. Prerequisite: 1950. Offered once a year.

2147 CURRENT ISSUES IN SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING (DeKeyser)
A research seminar on topics of special interest in second language learning/acquisition.
Prerequisite: 2139 or 2146. Offered once every other year.

2267 SOCIOLINGUISTICS (Paulston)
An introductory course in the social aspects of language; divided into three parts: (1) linguistic competence, (2) communicative competence, and (3) language policy. Offered once a year.

2269 CURRENT ISSUES IN SOCIOLINGUISTICS (Paulston)

2330 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS (R. Thomason)

2350 LOGIC PROGRAMMING AND COMPUTATIONAL MORPHOLOGY (R. Thomason)

2441 FIELD METHODS IN LINGUISTICS (Kaufman or Everett)
Prerequisites: LING 2777 and 2578 or equivalents, or LING 2578 and concurrent registration in LING 2777. Offered once a year.

2450 STRUCTURE OF AN AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGE (Kaufman, Everett, or S. Thomason)
Usually offered once a year.

2578 PHONETICS AND PHONEMICS (S. Thomason or Everett)
Principles of articulatory phonetics and introduction to the principles of phonemic analysis. Prerequisite: LING 1950 or equivalent or concurrent registration in LING 1950. Offered each fall term.

2579 PHONOLOGY (Everett or Juffs)
An introduction to the principles of phonological theory and phonological analysis. Prerequisite: LING 1578 or 2578 or consent of instructor. Offered each spring term.

2580 TOPICS IN PHONOLOGICAL THEORY (Everett)
Offered every other year.

2681 PRAGMATICS (R. Thomason)
Relationships between language and human action and communication. Topics include presupposition, conversational implicature, nondeclarative sentences, deixis and anaphora, and discourse analysis of units larger than sentences.

2682 SEMANTIC THEORY (R. Thomason)
Prerequisite: LING 1950 or equivalent or LING 2777 or a course in symbolic logic or philosophy of language or consent of instructor. Usually offered every other year.

2773 MORPHOLOGY (Tenny, Everett, or Juffs)
Prerequisite: LING 1950. Offered each spring term.

2774 SEMINAR: CURRENT ISSUES IN SYNTAX (Tenny or Everett)
Prerequisite: LING 1777/2777 or equivalent.

2777 SYNTACTIC THEORY (Tenny or Juffs)
The course is an introduction, stressing understanding of theoretical concepts, to the
transformational-generative approach to English sentence structure. Offered each fall term.

2860 INTRODUCTION TO HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS (S. Thomason)
A survey of the principles and methods of historical linguistics; practice in the basic techniques of historical linguistic research. Prerequisite: 1950 or equivalent or a course in the history of some language or language group. Offered each spring term.

2861 SEMINAR: CURRENT ISSUES IN HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS (Kaufman or S. Thomason)
Prerequisite: LING 1950 or equivalent or consent of instructor. May be repeated for credit with instructor's permission. Usually offered every other year.

2862 HISTORY OF ENGLISH DIALECTS (Kaufman)
Prerequisite: LING 1950 or equivalent or consent of instructor.

2871 ART OF LOGIC AND COMPUTATION (R. Thomason)

2945 PSYCHOLINGUISTICS (Gordon or Perfetti)
A broad introduction to the following areas: neurolinguistics (the relationship between brain and language), developmental psycholinguistics (child and adult language acquisition), and experimental psycholinguistics. Prerequisite: LING 1950 or equivalent.

2959 DEPARTMENTAL SEMINAR
Offered every term.

2190 SEMINAR: ESL TEACHER SUPERVISION

2940 SEMINAR: CURRENT ISSUES IN LINGUISTICS
Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

2195 PRACTICUM: SECOND LANGUAGE TEACHING

2196 PRACTICUM: SECOND LANGUAGE CURRICULUM

2197 TEACHING OF LINGUISTICS

2902 DIRECTED STUDY FOR MA STUDENTS

2990 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR MA STUDENTS

3000 PhD RESEARCH AND DISSERTATION

3902 DIRECTED STUDY FOR PhD STUDENTS

3990 INDEPENDENT STUDY FOR PhD STUDENTS

Courses of collateral interest are offered in the foreign language departments, in the Departments of Anthropology, Computer Science, English, Philosophy, Psychology, and Communication, and in the Schools of Education and Library and Information Science. The facilities of the University's Computing and Information Systems are also useful for certain kinds of research in linguistics.
In addition to the preceding, the department periodically offers specially arranged programs for EFL teachers from abroad.

[ Table of Contents | E-mail | Graduate Arts and Sciences Home | Bulletins Homepage | Next Section ]