Primary Faculty: Professors EARMAN (University Professor), LENNOX (Director, Center for Philosophy of Science), MACHAMER, McGUIRE, NORTON (Director of Graduate Studies), OLBY, SALMON (Chair)

Affiliated Faculty (Adjunct faculty and those with primary appointments in other areas): Professors BELNAP (Alan Ross Anderson Distinguished Professor, Philosophy), BICCHIERI (Adjunct), GILL (Classics), GOLDSTEIN (University Professor Emeritus, Religious Studies), GRÜNBAUM (Andrew Mellon Professor, Philosophy), KRIPS (Communication), MASSEY (Distinguished Service Professor, Philosophy), RESCHER (University Professor, Philosophy), RINGER (Andrew Mellon Professor, History), W. SALMON (University Professor, Philosophy); Associate Professors BOWEN (Adjunct), CLIFTON (Philosophy), MANDERS (Philosophy); Assistant Professor RUETSCHE(Philosophy)

The graduate program in History and Philosophy of Science has as its mission research and teaching in the historical and conceptual foundations of science. It offers courses and seminars–many of them interdisciplinary–leading to the MA and PhD degrees. Qualified students can pursue an intensive course of study in the historical and philosophical dimensions of science. The course work in the department is both formal and informal. Some course work outside the department in the sciences, including computer science, history, or philosophy, is required. It is possible to design a program that leads to a master's degree in one of these fields while pursuing the PhD degree in History and Philosophy of Science. Graduate seminars are supplemented by colloquia in history and philosophy of science, by the activities of the Center for the Philosophy of Science, including contacts with its visitors, and by the possibility of research in the Archives of Scientific Philosophy (see Facilities and Research).

Among the major topics currently being researched by the departmental faculty are the philosophy of space and time, matter theory from Descartes to Maxwell, Einstein and the theory of relativity, the interaction of science and philosophy since the Renaissance, the logic of scientific inference, science and theology, Newton's natural philosophy, the philosophy of psychology, 19th-century science, the history and philosophy of molecular biology, the philosophy of medicine, medieval and Greek science, scientific change and progress, and explanation in the social sciences.

• A completed application form    
• Aptitude scores on the Graduate Record Examination
• A transcript of previous academic work     
• A statement of career objectives
• Three letters of recommendation
• Sample of written work

Each application will be evaluated on its own merits. Applications for admission may be obtained from the departmental admissions officer. The deadline for completed applications is February 1. A descriptive brochure and a booklet for graduate students is available on request.

Both the PhD and MA degrees are awarded. Terminal MA degrees are sought by students who find studies in History and Philosophy of Science relevant to their career interests. MA students have included persons with MD degrees, those pursuing the PhD in other fields or at other universities, librarians, and those doing archive or museum work.

Graduate Teaching/Research Assistantships: Stipend for two terms, medical benefits and a tuition scholarship.

Teaching Fellowships: Stipend for two terms, medical benefits and a tuition scholarship.

A limited number of Andrew Mellon Predoctoral Fellowships: The 1999-00 stipend is $14,000 plus a tuition scholarship. The Mellon Fellowships are awarded on a competitive basis.

In addition, some summer assistance is usually available. Details about these and other forms of financial assistance may be found in this bulletin. Students planning graduate work in history and philosophy of science are also eligible for fellowship support from the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health. All successful candidates for admission are automatically considered for financial assistance.

Master’s Degree Requirements

1. Distribution-of-studies requirements:
   1. Nine hours from Area 1 (core seminars).
   2. Fifteen hours from Areas 2 and 3, with at least six hours in each area.
2. Language requirement: Good reading knowledge of either French, German, Latin, Greek, or approved substitute language. (Language acquisition courses cannot count toward the degree.)
3. Students must submit a research paper in the history of science and a research paper in the philosophy of science. Evaluations of papers will be limited to a master's pass/fail. A master's pass on both papers is required for the MA degree.
4. No more than two (non-HPS) 1000-level courses may count towards the MA degree. (No pre- 1000-level courses can be used to satisfy the degree requirements. No HPS courses at the 1000- level can count.)
5. A minimum of 24 credit hours.

1. MA degree in History and Philosophy of Science, or completion of MA requirements.
2. Further distribution of studies requirements; at least nine hours at the 1000 or 2000 level, in one of the following (a maximum two 1000-level courses, including the two for the MA):
   1. Philosophy, exclusive of philosophy of science and logic.
   2. History, exclusive of history of science.
   3. A field of natural sciences, social science, or computer science (courses taken towards the MA degree may be counted toward the requirement for the PhD).
3. Proficiency in logic (equivalent to PHIL 1500).
4. Language requirement: Good reading knowledge of two foreign languages (Latin, Greek, German, French, or approved substitute), or of one foreign language and proficiency in logic equivalent to PHIL 1520 or approved computer language (LISP,etc.). Students concentrating in the history of science must satisfy the language requirement with two languages. One foreign language exam must be passed before the student completes the comprehensive requirements. The second language exam must be passed before the student's prospectus examination.
5. Satisfactory fulfillment of the comprehensive requirements.
6. Submission of a significant and acceptable dissertation on a topic in the history and philosophy of science.
7. All students must acquire some supervised teaching experience during their tenure at the University.
8. A minimum of 72 credit hours of graduate credit.

These requirements are specific departmental requirements, in addition to the general requirements for the MA and PhD degrees laid down by the Graduate Faculty of Arts and Sciences.

Program in Classics, Philosophy, and Ancient Science: The Departments of Classics, Philosophy, and History and Philosophy of Science of the University of Pittsburgh jointly offer a graduate program leading to the degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy with a special concentration in Classics, Philosophy and Ancient Science. Although each student’s primary association is with one of the three departments, depending on background and interests, students in the program work closely with each other and with the cooperating faculty, which is drawn from all three departments.

Related Activities
There are a number of other regularly scheduled activities that enrich the graduate program of the department. Graduate students are encouraged to participate in these activities, which bring approximately 40 historians and philosophers of science to the campus each year.

Lectures and Colloquia: The University of Pittsburgh Lecture Series, sponsored by the Center for Philosophy of Science and the Departments of Philosophy and History and Philosophy of Science, has numbered among its speakers many distinguished philosophers of science from America and abroad.

The Department Colloquium in History and Philosophy of Science sponsors the annual Alumni Lecture, and occasional seminars or lectures.

Center for Philosophy of Science: The Center for Philosophy of Science has Resident Fellows drawn from several departments of the University, as well as Visiting Fellows and Center Associates from nearby universities. The Center promotes research in collaboration with scholars at other institutions.

The Center for Philosophy of Science and the Zentrum Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie of the University of Konstanz, Germany cooperate in several projects. The Pittsburgh-Konstanz Colloquium is a series of biennial international conferences that alternate between Pittsburgh and Konstanz. Recent conferences were “The Philosophy of Biology” and “Philosophy and the Sciences of the Mind.”

The Center for Philosophy of Science also sponsors workshops in philosophy of science. Recent workshops have included “Linguistic, Philosophical and Computational Perspectives” and “Modern Mathematical Thought: Its History and Philosophy.”

Sabbatical Affiliations: The department will consider informal affiliations with persons on sabbatical leave from their home institutions. Scholars working in areas within the scope of interest of members of the department who might wish to spend a year (or part of one) affiliated with the department should contact the Department Chair.

Other courses of interest are offered by the Departments of Philosophy, History, Anthropology, Linguistics, Economics, Sociology, Mathematics, Psychology, Physics, and Computer Science.

These lists are open-ended. As new courses are developed and introduced, they will be added to one or another list. At the time that the schedule for the next term is published, seminars will be marked as to whether they count in Areas 2 or 3. Reading courses that are given during the summer will be assigned to an Area at the time they are set up.